432 GRAMMAR OP THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



(c) To he really y essentially, intrinsically ; to exist by its own nature. In 

 tliis definition gi represents tlie substantive verbs to he of English, etre of 

 French, scin of German, and, as an auxiliary verb, is employed in conjugat- 

 ing verbs periphrastically through their verbals (in -tki, -shtka) and their 

 participles. 



niitakani liik kalkali gi the seed of the niitak-plant is round. 

 i a tala gi you are right, 

 i a kii-i gi you are wrong. 



It appears as an auxiliary verb: 



p'laikishtka gi shappash the sun ivas near the noon-point. 

 ni nanukash shlii'sh ki I can see everywhere, 22, 17. 



{d) To he possessed hy, to belong to, to be provided, endowed with. When 

 used in this sense, gi takes the owner or proprietor in the possessive case 

 (to be somebody's), and the object possessed in the subjective case. If the 

 owner is expressed by a possessive pronoun, this pronoun stands in the 

 subjective case. Gi appears very frequently in the participle of the past: 

 gitko possessed of, with the object in the objective case. 



tanna i wevv^ash gitk? how many children have you? 



kanam kek i-amnash gi? whose heads are these f 



kfinara ge latchash gi? who owns this lodge f 



tunepni gc'-u welwash gi I have Jive water-springs, 157 ; 46. 



k6kuapkash Ivilp gitko having swollen eyes. 



kailalai^sh gitko dressed in leggings. 



tiima tua gi'tkuapka i you will possess many things, 182 ; 7. 



(e) To do, to act, to perform. Here the verb gi becomes a transitive 

 verb, though there are no examples on hand of its being used in a passive 

 sense also. Evolved from gi, signification (a) of casual existence: to he at 

 something. 



tidsli gi to do right, to act well. 

 ki'i-i gi to act wicl-edly, to do evil, to he obnoxious. 

 wi'ik i gen gitk? ivhat are you doing heref 

 hiimasht giulank after having acted thus. 



