PARADIGM OF KTCKA. 451 



The absolute as well as the distributive form undergoes periphrastic 

 conjugation through the addition of the auxiliary gi in all its inflectional 

 forms : gi, giuga, giank, giula, gish, gisht, etc. 



in order to strike ktuktki gi, d. ktuktaktki gi. 



in order to strike ktuktki giug, d. ktuktAktki giug ; in the contracted form, 

 ktuktgiiiga, ktuktgiug etc. 



THE PASSIVE VOICE. 



Although the passive voice is in form identical throughout with the 

 active voice of the transitive verb, there is a periphrastic conjugation which 

 has exclusively a passive signification. It is the participle in -tko connected 

 with the auxiliary gi. Thus we have nu a kti'ikatko gi I am struck; literally, 

 "I am the struck or hit one"; "I am the one who was struck." The 

 striking subject, whenever mentioned, is added in the possessive case, as 

 with all other passive forms: i a kilo'sham ktiikatko gi thou art or hast 

 been struck by an angry (^person), or is expressed by a possessive pronoun. 

 The paradigm for the past-present tense is as follows : 



nu a ktukatko gi / am, struck. 



i a ktiikatko gi thou art struck. 



pi a ktukatko gi he, she, it is struck. 



nad a ktukatko gi we are struck. 



at a ktukatko gi ye are struck. 



sha, pat a ktukatko gi they are struck. 



Thus the periphrastic conjugation goes on through the distributive 

 form, ktuktkatko, and through all the tenses, modes, participles, and verbals 

 of gi (gi't, giank, giug etc.) : 



nu a hunk ktuktkatko gi I teas struck at different times. 

 pi a ktukatko gf-uapk hp ivill he struck. 

 ktukatko gi'sht on account of being struck. 



The medial, reflective, reciprocal, causative voices are inflected just like 

 the active voice. 



