THE N-II{FLE(JTI'JN. 457 



2 The verbs in -na with deciduous suffix retain the -n in the absolute, 

 but drop it in the distributive form. Except for this small difference, their 

 inflection is regular, and follows the A-inflection. 



ktana to sleep ; d. ktakta and kakta. 

 kshena to carry on the arm; d. kshoksha. 

 s^t^na to row, paddle; d sxes;ta. 

 wi'na, shuina to sing ; d. wiwa, shuishua. 



Even in the derivatives of the verb shuina the dropping of the -n 

 occurs: shuinala to sing repeatedly; d. shuishuala. 



The inflection of the verbs retaining- the -na, -n throughout does not 

 differ from that of the verbs in -la, but for the change of this consonant. 

 A few verbs show both forms, e. g., klena to hop on one ley ; d. klekla and 

 kleklana. 



3. Derivatives of verbs in -na, which are formed by means of suffixes 

 beginning with -p, as -pka, -peli, and also the oblique cases of the past 

 l^articiple of verbs, which retain their -na, change n into m before the -p 

 following: 



gena to go: g(?mpka, gempele, gt'mpkash (for genapkash). 

 hiitna to run some distance: hutamj)ka, hutampele. 

 stiltclma to report: stiltchampeli, stiltchampkam etc. 



This nasalization is also observed in the inchoative verbal suffix -tampka 



and in the oblique cases of many participles in -ntko, -antko, which cannot 



be derived from any existing verb ending in -na. Thus we have tin;^autko 



obtaininy by chance, obj. case tinp^ampkash ; tilhuantko flooded, obj. case 



tilhuampkash (with others to be found under suffix -antko), although there 



are no verbs tin;(na, tilhuana, but only tinp^a, ti'lhua. Facts like these have 



to be ascribed to a certain tendency prevailing in the language to nasalize 



explosive sounds, surd and sonant, especially when they stand at the end 



of words. 



PARTICLES USED AS VERBS. 



In the previous pages I had no opportunity of mentioning an extraor- 

 dinary method of forming verbs observed in the Klamath language — that of 

 using particles as verbs. Particles used in this wa}' are not susceptible of 



