458 GEAMMAR OP TOE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



inflection, and participate of the nature of" the verb on.y through their con- 

 nection with personal pronouns. We are almost compelled to assume ellip- 

 sis of gi or some other verb ; but if we do so, why are not many other par- 

 ticles used in the same way ? These particles are as follows : 



g(5tak, gji'tak, at kil'tak .so Jar, enout/h, in Modoc ksinktak; used as a 

 verb in the sense of to stop, cease, quit. Tsui nat at gJi'tak after this we ceased 

 (fighting), 24, 3; tclii'n at nat at ga'tak ndani t;imenotk so 1, when tve quit 

 (fighting) I had returned (from there) three times, 25, 2. k/uiktak shi'tpele 

 kteteg' i ! stop cutfinff bread! Cf kanktak gi'n wawtilkan siftiiiq down quietly, 

 34, 13; lit. "doing just so much as sitting." 



h i - i t o k down, on the (/round (emphatic) ; verbified into : to sit or lie down. 

 In 34, 11, hi-ituk at corresponds to the English "down with ye and be still !" 



k A t a k , d. kaktak truly ; katak and ktitak gi to tell the truth. At kiiktak 

 pila! tell ye nothinr/ hut the truth! The Modocs have kana, katchan, and 

 kflna tchek for truly, certainly, surely. 



\6 w a k , le wak ka-a, Ui' uk ga-a to be undecided, irresolute about some- 

 thing ; tsiii nat li^ wak ka-a, or tsi'ii la a nat wak ka-f'i then we were quite 

 undecided what to do, 21, 18 ; la nat wak galdsawia-a ! we do not know whether 

 we should approach or not! 2i, 2 ; k' hai ne mish nen li'k ! / do not know how 

 to call you! (Mod.) where nen stands for to ccdl and li'k for wak. The 

 Modocs also say: ka-i wak, ka-i uk ga-a, or simply uk ga-a, wak ka-a. 

 These particles are placed in connection with a verb (ne-ul^a) in 22, 

 12; 65, 1, 2. 



nen, oral particle referring to what is or was said or heard, is some- 

 times used instead of sheshatko thus named, or sliesha, t'i;^a to give name: 

 nen Aishish tche hai shall I call you Aishishf nt'nt nent (for nen At) ! 

 call me thus! right so! (Mod.) 



IV.— DERIVATION. 



Although the Klamath language can be considered to be built up rather 

 upon analytic than upon synthetic principles, there are two departments in 



