460 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



formed with roots pointing to another number of the verb. Thus wenka, 

 6. g., when applied to more than one subject, means /o die, like k'k'ka (used 

 for one subject), but its real meaning- is to stretch the Icffs. 



A few suffi.xes, like -oga, -tka, -lita, are used for both derivational and 

 inflectional purposes, but these may be easily distinguished from each other, 

 as the former necessarily precede the latter. Both kinds of aflfi.xes may be 

 studied in their variety of combination from the Dictionary, and in their 

 simpler forms and true functions from the "Recapitulations" contained on 

 pages 302 and 30,'5 (Prefixes), and pages 395-898 (Suffixes). 



•Nothing can give a better idea of the Indians' vivid and natural manner 

 of considering objects or phenomena of nature and acts of man than the 

 study of these affixes and their combinations. A motion performed in a 

 straight line is referred to differently from another done in a zigzag, curvi- 

 linear, or interrupted line, or from a motion performed sidewise or obliquelv 

 or at a distance from the one speaking, circumstances which it would sel- 

 dom occur to us to express in European languages. A large number of 

 instances could be adduced to show the pictorial tendency of the language 

 in expressing form or appearance, the conditions under which an act is per- 

 formed, etc The description of the exterior of the verbal subject or object 

 is an especially graphic and interesting feature, and as this feature has been 

 dwelt upon at length in the chapter on Prefixes, it will suffice to give some 

 examples taken from the northern dialect : 



na'sh nil mish nc-i t41a I pay you one dollar (in the form of one note). 



nu mish papkash I'lya I yire you a cJub. 



l<iwash nu liiya hu'nkiesh I give him a play-hall. 



tuma nu mish anku yani I give you many sticks or clubs. 



la p lewash nu mish pewi I gire you two play-halls. 



watsag nil kshiiya ma'lsh I give a dog to you. 



lu'gs nu hiink spunf hu'nkiash I gave or transferred a slave to him. 



j'lmpii i tchi'ya nish you give me ivater. 



tchule'ks nil tcliileya hii'nksh I give him meat. 



fwam nu skaya mish I give you whortleherries in a haslet. 



pAla-ash nu shi'ii malsh T give you bread on a plate. 



