466 GRAMMAK OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



gent reason why thef should not. Terms adopted from foreign languages 

 make no exception. Kiii'm Jish rarely takes the d. form kt'kiam, and such 

 terms as ko'l, a species of bulb, I'wam berry, shmayam bristle rarely use their 

 distributive form as collectives. To this series belong terms like kshuksh- 

 it'^ash grease of animals, liik seed and marrow, kela-ush sand, 16%ash roe, 

 mushmusli cattle, pala-ash /o»r (pAla-ash liklatko loaf of bread), sh.4p6le ^owr, 

 shugga-i sugar, tchi'kCmen metal, iron, copper etc., we'sh ice. 



Some nouns indicating a homogeneous solid or liquid mass, like 4mpu 

 water, ke'sh snoiv, shtie pitch, resin form a-dmbu, kckesh, shtfshtie. 



4. The terms of relationship in -p (-ap, -ip) for the larger part redupli- 

 cate only the suffix into -ishap to indicate severalty; only a few of them 

 show both modes of reduplication. The whole process is spoken of at 

 length on pp. 275. 276. 



5. Nouns adopted from foreign languages. No rule can be established 

 determining which of these will reduplicate and which will not, although the 

 Klamath language has a considerable faculty of transforming foreign terms 

 according to its own phonetic rules and forming derivatives from them. 

 Terms exhibiting the distributive reduplication are the following: Adak salt, 

 d. 4-adak; etchnmna purple saluon, d. i-atchmuna; i])s]mn{i sivamp-dogberry, 

 d. i-apshuna (all from the Shasti language); B^stin American, d. Bob6stin; 

 kapo coat, dress, d. kAkpo; mi'tash leggings, d. mimdash; stfkshui shoe, boot, 

 d. stishakshui ; tala dollar, money, d. tatAla. 



in. INFLECTION FOR CASE. 



Klamath may be counted among the languages of America which have 

 reached the most extensive development in regard to case-inflection. Many 

 relations of the noun, expressed in other languages through the verb, are 

 rendered here by a supply of nominal cases, and thereby a thorough-going 

 differentiation is brought about between the noun and the verb. Like 

 the Basque language, Klamath possesses the faculty of forming compound 

 or polysynthetic suffixes in its inflection. This profusion of cases forms a 

 striking contrast to the entire lack of case-inflection observed in many of 

 the agglutinative families, especially when we consider the circumstance 

 that every noun has a double inflection on account of being inflected also 



