470 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



Nouns in -wash^ -watch show in their oblique cases a synizesis of the 

 -wa into -o, -u aside of the regular form: 



pAwatch tongue, poss. pdwatcham and pa-iitcham. 

 walwash ivliite goose, poss. waiwashani and wayo'sham. 



Abbreviations of case-suffixes and of case-postpositions are very fre- 

 quent, especially in rapid conversation. Thus we observe -tk, -t for -tka, 

 -ta, -at, -t for -tat, -a for -am, -am for -e'rai, -ii'mi, -yjin for -^eni, -tal, -ta for 

 -tala, -tan, -ta for -tana. In the inflection of the adjective the deterioration 

 of the endings has progressed still further, and in the composite nominal 

 inflection as far as in the simple case-declension. 



Suffixes occurring only in the inflection of topographic terms and 

 proper names of localities are -i, -na. 



LIST OF NOMINAL CASES. 



Before entering into details concerning each of the suffix- and postposi- 

 tion-cases, I give a list of all the fourteen case-endings, reserving their 

 abbreviations for their special headings. All the cases of a locative char- 

 acter or origin follow each other in immediate succession. Some of these, 

 even of the monosyllabic ones, are composite, the second pronominal ele- 

 ment being formed by the demonstrative radicals -i, -la, -ua. 



I. — Suffix-cases. 



subjective: (-sh, -s). locative: -tut. 



objective: -ash. illative: ^eni. 



possessive: -am. transitional: -na. 



partitive: -ti. temporal: -e'mi. 

 instrumental: -tka. 



II. — Postposition-cases. 



inessive: -i. directive: -tala. 



adessive: -kshi. Mod -gishi. juxtapositive: -tana, 



emphatic adessive: -ksaksi. 



There is probably no substantive in the language which forms more 

 than ten or eleven cases. Thus nouns designating persons, animals, oi 



