47G GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



before the noun qualified. But since the position of words is rather free in 

 Khiinath, anteposition of the possessive is iisiialli/ but not universally ol)- 

 served. Cf. nl'l wuksa (above), tchililiks skulelam the young of a lark, 100, 

 8; cf. 100, 5. 9. 18. 



2. The case in -am, -lam corresponds to our for, to the benefit of, and is 

 then intended as a dativus commodi, answering sometimes to a possessive, 

 sometimes to a dative case. 



Skii'lam i'-amnash wewilina beads were left over to Marten, 111, 2, 3. 

 kii'kitak kshun wushmusham there will be no grass for the cattle. 



3. When connected with a passive verb, frequently represented by the 

 participle in -tko, it corresponds to our by, through. Several examples of 

 -am connected with passive verbs are given under Passive voice, pp. 421, 

 422, 451; many others are found in the "Texts", e. g., 35, 10 17; 36, 12. 

 15. An instance is also contained in the proper name of Scarface Charley: 

 Tchiktchikam=Lupatkuehitko, lit. "scarred by wagon wheels." 



The possessive case of substantives often becomes a subjective case — 

 that is, a noun independent of others and capable of forming an inflection 

 of composite cases. These have been fully treated under the heading of 

 Suffix -am. The case-endings which they can take are -ti (-at), -tka, -tat, 

 -Xe'ni, -kshi Among the nouns which assume this suffix to form composite 

 inflections are: terms (a) for fruit-bearing trees and shrubs, sometimes of 

 other plants also and of their parts ; cf. pii'sh^am. Here the possessive 

 case must be considered as an elliptic form, caused by the omission of 

 ilnku, tchelash, tkap, or some other noun designating a plant. Plants bear- 

 ing no eatable fruit or bulb usually do not show this terminal, {b) for 

 natural phenomena, the seasons ; (c) for a few articles of manufacture. 



4. Partitive case in -ti. 



This suffix bears many analogies to -am and -tat, and has several syn- 

 tactic functions ; from one of the more important of these I have called it 

 the suffix of the partitive case. It is but another form of the prefix ta- (in 

 -tat), and originally both referred to objects standing erect, as men, animals, 

 trees, etc., the suffixed -i pointing to location on, upon something. Nouns 



