THE PARTITIVE CASE. 477 



in the -ti case usually precede the substantive which they qualify. By 

 rapid or neglectful pronunciation, -ti often becomes -'t, -at: tatakiamti and 

 tatakiam't, tatakiamjit about children, padshayamat made of the manzanita 

 hush. 



The various uses of this suffix are : 



1. It refers to a location on, upon, at; a sticking upf)n, resting on or 

 against, a connection with, a belonging to. It is often used intei'changeably 

 with the case in -am, -lam; but the difference is this, that -ti points to some- 

 thing sticking or sitting upon an object, but not necessarily connected with 

 it, -am to an object essentially belonging to some other object, or considered 

 as a product of it. 



ankuti or ankuam tchikass the bird of the forest. 



yainati or yai'nalani tiggaga mountain quail. 



yakiti stilash basket-string. 



yakiti wokash stiini (gi) lily-seed fill the basket. 



Ixalxamnishti lulinash pond-lily seed put in long sacks. 



niinuktua shtinasliti palla to steal everything in the house. 



shaigati, d. shashiagati shlApsli flower on the prairie. 



2. It refers to the substance or material of which an object is made or 

 manufactured, and thus represents a real genetive case, exactly correspond- 

 ing to JVencli de bois, defer, d^or, etc. 



papkashti box shutank they make a coffin of lumber, 87, 2. 

 tokiti midsho horn-spoon, horn-ladle. 



On account of tliis "genetive" function, the -ti case may also be used 

 adjectively, as in : p(')ksliti, tupeshti, which correspond to our turbid, muddy ; 

 ampu tupeshti muddy water. Either -ti or -tat figures also as -t in the 

 adjectival suffix -tkni, q. v. 



When used in this acceptation, substantives in the -ti case can become 

 subjective cases and form inflected nouns. Thus wati thorn, spine, from wa 

 to grow upon, also means knife, and from this signification watiti, or "knife- 

 material," has finally come to signify iron, steel, metallic substance, tvire, mctal.^ 



'Cf. kakii'kli w£Ctiti "yellow metal": gold, copper; piilpali wdititi "white metal": silver, silver- 

 plated tvare. 



