482 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



Very frequently the direction of the act from, out of, away from is 

 expressed by the verb itself and its suffix, and in that case other cases than 

 the locative in -tat may be joined to the verb as well. Cf huikinsha to run 

 away from, ktulodshna to push, force away. The same applies to the func- 

 tion through, across. (No. 4.) 



4 The suffix -tat may be used also to express a passinj^ through, a going 

 across or through the midst of. In this function it approaches nearest to the 

 one mentioned as No. 2, of going or moving into. 



ti'nua weshtat to fall through the ice. 



wt'shtat yfkashla to spear through an ice-hole. 



koketat gakua to cross or ford a river. 



shapash nu h'lashtat shk'a I see the moon through a fog. 



5. There are a few instances where -tat is used in a temporal sense. 

 In these we find -tat appended to derivative nouns, in which the former 

 concrete signification is still apparent as well as the abstract one. The 

 few examples are as follows: 



guixaksha'migshta(t) at the home-leaving season, 148, 19. 

 smauy61eshtat when the rain is over. 

 tinoluleshtat at sunset. 



6. The suffix -tat occurs also in the sense of our preposition about, 

 concerning, on account of In this acceptation it is entirely like -ti, No. 5, 

 and can alternate with it. 



g(inta kaflatat shashapkeh'a to narrate myths about this world, of. 94, 2. 

 kiii i gita spu'kle-uapk snawedshtat, hishuakshtat, weashtat you shall 

 not sweat there (in mourning) for a wife, husband, or child, 142, 16. 



7. Illative case in -xcni. 



The suffix of this case is -;{eni, which frequently becomes abbreviated 

 into "Zene, -ziin, -/en, -kiin, and usually has the accent upon the syllable 

 -/e. This composite suffix contains gvn, gin, or ken, a demonstrative pro- 

 noun and adverb, referring to objects in close proximity to the speaker, the 

 pronoun referring to inanimate things in preference to animate beings, and 

 the particle i, hi here, right here, here on tlie ground, or in the lodge. The 



