THE ILLATIVE CASE. 483 



initial g of the suffix was changed into % or k for the parpose of referring 

 the noun, to which -^eni is appended, to that suffix more closely than the 

 mere g {In gen) could do it. The suffix also shows analogy with the verb 

 g(^na to (JO awnij, start, because -%eni and g(^na are both formed from the 

 same basis, ge, ke. 



The suffix marks as well (1) a motion or direction toward an object or 

 into a place or country, as (2) a stay or rest at or in. a place, region, country. 

 It is more frequently used in the former sense, and lience I have called the 

 case tlie illative case. It differs from -kshi, -ksi by being connected much 

 more frequently with inanimate objects, while -kshi. Mod. -gishi, is appended 

 as a rule to nouns of the animate class: at the home of, or in the habitations 

 of men. 



(1) Suffix "Ze'ni, -xAn employed in the sense of to, toward, into: 



nat Shast^eni g^na we went to the Shasti country. 



shiashna tinolish;^eni, tine;(ishxe'ni he removed them to the west, to the east 



side of, 39, 17. 

 shiulkish/e'ni idslina to remove somebody to the reservation. 

 na ne-ulakgishxe'ni gatpa we went to the coimcil-r/ round, 33, 5. 

 sa saikiin (for saiga^e'ni) gena they went to the field, 107, 2. 



(2) This suffix marks stay, rest, sojourning, or location at some place, 

 in a tract or country: 



kl^widshnank weweash tchl'sh%eni leaving her children in the lodge, 1 18, 3. 

 awaluash/e'ni on, upon, at the island. 



It also enters into the composition of the adjectives nakushp^enkni living 

 near a log-dam, 132, 6; Tchak^e'nkni, etc. 



The suffix forms a large number of local names, which assume the 

 function of subjective cases, and thus form composite inflections. Thus we 

 have Kawam^e'ni Eel Spring, Lalawash;(eni at the Slate Bock, Sluistxeni the 

 Shasti country, Tchakxe'ni at the Service-berry Grove, Saikiin Thompson's 

 Marsh, Waptash%e'ni Pond Outlet. 



(3) An instance of a temporal function of -^eni is found in the song- 

 line: i-uneks^e'ni a yuli'na after sunset, 182, 2. 



