ABSTRACT NOUNS. 499 



that no doubt can arise about their correct rendering. Thus time is expressed 

 implicitly by klikuga nu I have no time, and a host of other expressions to 

 be found in the English-Klamath part of the Dictionary; health is expressed 

 by ti'dsh nu hushlta I am in r/ood health; haste by hurried, hurriedly or 

 to he in a hurry. The sensitive, moral faculties or feelings of man are all 

 expressed by steinash heart, his perceptive and intellectual powers by hush- 

 kanksh thouyht, mind, or by tidsh shepelpelatko, shayuaksh sagacious. For 

 sold and life there is but one term here and in many other Indian tongues: 

 breath (hukish) like Latin spiritus, from spirare "to bi-eathe." Friendship 

 would be expressed by to he friendly, to he or hecome friends. Absence and 

 presence are rendered by the pronouns ke'Hak or ne'g, Mod. na'g, absent, 

 kcku the one standing before me or ijou, laki to be gone, etc. Our idea of sub- 

 stance can be expressed by tua something, by the verbs gi, wa to exist, or by 

 special terms for each substance, as enumerated in Dictionary, page 671. 

 Color has to be replaced by the adjectival name of the color referred to, as 

 the language has no other substantive but shneluash, which means dye- 

 stuff, coloring matter. 



The abstractions which this language can readily express are mainly 

 of that kind which we call sensations, and form the nearest approach to 

 concrete terms. Thus we have: 



hashtaksh perforation. shalatchgualash junction. 



kpapshash taste (of tongue). shencSlakuish pit'omise. 



ktchalshkash splendor. tumenash noise. 



lushlushlish warmth. tia'mish hunger. 



nMichVi^h.' blushing, shame. tchmu'ksh obscurity. 



netn61;(ish government. t;tut%ash ill-omen. 



ne-ulaksh law, rtde, sivay. wdtish laughter. 



Many English abstract terms have to be expressed in Klamath by adjec- 

 tives or verbal adjectives, which then assume the function of substantives: 



afshishtchi beautiful and personal beauty. 

 ydmkamptch lazy and laziness. 

 katagsh cold, chilly, and low temperature, frost. 

 kdlpoksh hot and heat, fever. 



