NAMES OF ANIMALS. 503 



guages the names for these insects are formed bj reduplication. Names of 

 some burrowing animals are foiiiied with initial mu- (cf miina deep down): 

 mui tvoodchuck; mukuaga fieM-mouse, mu-ue mole, niu'nk generic term for 

 mice and the other smallest quadrupeds. The suffix -aga, -ak designates 

 the young of animals, but often applies to specific animals on account of 

 their diminutive size: washla-aga, wal;^atchaga, w'atchaga, etc. 



Male animals are distinguished fi'om female animals by a separate term 

 indicating their sex, which is placed before or after the animal's name, and 

 hence must be regarded as an attribute, not as an adjective Male is laki; 

 male dog, lakf w^itsaga; male dog pup, lAkiag wjitsaga; male horse, laki wjUs; 

 male deer, laki wi'hle; young male deer, lakiaga wi'hle or wi'hlag hikiag; male 

 eagle, laki yn\v/s\. For the female two terms are in use, one of which, ndsi'lo, 

 is applied to the domesticated quadrupeds only: female horse, or mare, ndsilo 

 wats; female dog, ndsilo watsag; female puppy, ndsiluag watsag. The fol- 

 lowing are either names of birds or of wild quadrupeds: female cat, ngiilo, 

 kulo pushish; female deer, ngulo wfhle; female eagle, kiilo yau^al; female hlack 

 hear, wita'm kulo; her young, witii'm kuluak; shai^ish giilu (cf. 163; IG); 

 female lizard, kia ki'ilu; the female kdls-hird, kAlsam kulo; female wolf, kii'- 

 utchish gi'ilu. We also find, in 163, 9: kii-e welekash the old female frog or 

 toad, and tikaga for the male of the mountain quail, q. v. 



There are very few animals whose males have a name diff"ering fi-oin 

 the females. The female of the shht'-hawk is called spu'm, and the term 

 Shasliapsh, Shashapamtch applies chiefly to the female Grizzly Bear with 

 her two young in mythologic stories, and iijot to tlie male. Compare, also, 

 the tex'ms for ox, steer, cow. 



The terms young, cub, pup, brood are rendered either by w^ash offspring, 

 w^ka (for wd-aga) little offspring, or by appending the diminutive suffix -aga 

 (-ak, -ka etc.) to the name of the animal. In a few instances the young 

 has another name than the parent animal: colt is t%a-ush, not watchaga, for 

 this means dog; wi'hlaga stands for young antelope, instead of tchewaga, and 

 in fact means young deer, young faivn; cf wi'hla m Dictionary, page 485. 

 Tawalsh young quadruped refers to certain animals only: vunam tuwalsh elk 

 one year old. When the offspring of animals is referred to whose names end 

 in -aga (cf above, this page), an adjective for little (ndshekani, kltchkdni) is 



