DERIVATION OF THE ADJECTIVE. 517 



k6-i badly, wronyhj ; k6-idshi had, ivrctched, wicked. 

 k(^tcha a little, somewhat ; ketchkani small, little, young. 



DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES. 



The more important points on this subject having been previously 

 stated, short references to these are all that are now needed for our purpose. 



Adjectives are derived from radicals and bases by suffixation exclusively. 

 There exists no prefix especially devoted to the formation of these nouns. 



As to their derivation from the different parts of speech, the adjectives 

 may be classed as taking the following suffixes : 



Adjectives of an adverbial, etc. origin : -ni, -kni (sometimes, as in 

 numerals, abbreviated into -ni). 



Adjectives of a verbal origin and nature, verbal adjectives, etc: -tko, -a. 



Adjectives of a substantive origin: -sh (-ish, -ksh, -gs), -ni, -kni, -aga, 

 -ptchi (-ujtohi, -tchi). 



Adjectives of pronominal origin: -kani, -kni, -kianki, -ptchi. 



Adjectives derived from other adjectives : -ptchi. 



Adjectives proper: -li, -i. 



With respect to their signification, the formative endings of adjectives 

 maybe subdivided in suffixes conveying a concrete, material meaning (-li); 

 an abstract meaning (-ni, -kianki, -kani); while all the others, even -ni 

 sometimes, form adjectives belonging to both classes. 



In the enumeration of adjectival suffixes here following, it will be appro- 

 priate to distinguish between those ending in -i and those showing other 

 terminal sounds. While the former are of the more genuine adjectival 

 type, the latter are in fact substantives. Compound suffixes are not infre- 

 quent, and a,re often formed from oblique cases of a noun. 



- a, an exceptional suffix, occurring in wikA (for wikani) loiv, in kujita 

 hard, which are in fact an adverb and verb. 



-aga, -ak forms diminutives like tumiaga a fetv, and is mentioned in 

 List of Suffixes. Some of the adjectives in -ak are formed by ak only, 

 hut, and are not really diminutive adjectives: keliak deprived of, p^niak 

 unclothed, t4nkak a few only. 



