520 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



gitko, abbr. gitk, being, existing, doing, but much more frequently pos- 

 sessed of, having, and. tlien construed with tlie objective case of tlie object 

 possessed. This term is treated more in full elsewhere, but it may be 

 remarked that through attraction it olten changes into the jjarticiple in -tko 

 of another verb ; cf klana palpalish shhip.shaltko the kJdna lias a irhifc floivrr, 

 146, 14, when the correct expression would be: kluna palpalish shlapsh 

 gitko. 



ydlanh alike to, similar to; partic. of yalha to lag upon, viz., "to make 

 congruent": lioshtin yiilank after the fashion of the Americans, 59, 20. 



-pani is an enclitic adverb, tq) to, reaching as far as (pani in Diction- 

 ary), which occurs in some adjectives, as txalampani half, middle, lit. *' uj) 

 to the middle", and with -kani forms -pankani, -pankni : t^alampankani 

 forming one-half. 



shitko. Mod. shiitka, distr. shish/itko, shushdtka ; enclitic: sliitk, sitk 

 comparable with, looking like; cf List of Suffixes. Differs from -ptchi by 

 giving comparisons of a more reflected, abstract nature. Modocs usually 

 construe it with the objective, Klamath Lake Indians with the possessive 

 case. 



-tud, enclit. -tua, refers chiefly to inanimate objects: a thing, something, 

 some kind of; obj. case tualash ; poss. tualam. Laki tunia tua gitk a rich 

 man, lit. "a chief many things possessed of"; nanuktua everything. 



V. GRADATION. 



The Klamath of Oregon belongs to those languages which resort to 

 circumscriptive methods for expressing gradation; for it does not possess 

 any suffixes to express with exactness our particles 7nore, the most, less, or 

 our suffixes -er, -est. Hence this subject belongs more to syntax than to 

 morphology; but we shall see that the means of expressing gradation by 

 particles are not entirely wanting. 



Comparatives are expressed as follows: "This boy surpasses his brother 

 in strength", or "this boy is strong; his brother is not"; "this boy is strong; 

 his brother is weak." 



