530 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



What we call an ordinal numeral is rendered in Klamath by the adjec- 

 tival, inflected form of tlie numeral in -ni. The chief use made of this 

 numeral in -ni is that of a cardinal, and though it is exceptionally used as 

 an ordinal, it is not probable that the Indian considers it in these instances 

 as an ordinal in our sense of the term. If his mind was susceptible for su(di 

 a category of the numeral, he would probably have established a special 

 grainmatic ending for it. Examples : 



ishniila a sha hunk ndAnant (or ndani) wai'tashtat the)/ buried him on the 



third day. 

 lapkshaptiinkiant wai'tashtat guikaka he started on the seventh day. 



The only ordinals existing in the language are fulfilling other functions 

 besides. They are: lupi'ni hr first, tapini (topini) for second (in rank, order, 

 time, etc.) ; t^alamni : tlie second of three, or the middle one ; t^e-u : the 

 first in age, the oldest; dimin. t^ewaga; t^c'-u a huk pe'p tuma wewt'ash 

 gftko her first daughter has manij children. 



lupini kiii'm ge-u shnuksh the first fish that I caught. 



tapini kiii'm ge-u shnukshti gi it is the second fish that I caught. 



THE ADVERBIAL NUMERAL. 



When numerals are serving to qualify an act or state expressed by a 

 verb, not being joined to a substantive or other noun, they assume the 

 adverbial endings of -ni, -tka, -ash, or the ubiquitous adjectival ending -a. 



The most frequently used of these suflixes is the terminal -ni, when 

 indeclinable. We have seen it used in the general list of luimerals as 

 composing the tens (decades), hundreds, etc, in the form of multiplicative 

 numerals: vunepni t-k-iinep fortg, lit. "four times ten." It closely corre- 

 sponds to our times, and to the Latin -ies in decies, etc. It is especially fre- 

 quent when used with verbs referring to sections of time, as waita to pass a 

 night and a day, etc. 



tiinepni sa-atsa sa nishta they danced the scalp-dance during five ichole 



nights; lit. "five times they scalp-danced all night long", Ifi, 11. 

 huk nda'ni kt'ko-uya three times he atfrinpted, .'").''), 10. 



