THE ADVERBIAL NUMERAL. 531 



nashkshaptanknitoks nii tamfino'tka / have been there as often as (-toks) 



six times. 

 ndaai a nii shu^-utka dwakatat gen waitash three times I went fishing to 



the pond to-day. 

 Upgni, ndani wiiitolank after three days, viz , "laying- over tliree times." 

 tutenepni waitolan (Mod.) after five days in every instance, 85, 1. 



The only numeral differing in its root from the corresponding cardinal 

 (na'dsh) is tina once, tinak (for tina ak) only once; d. titna and titatna on 

 various occasions, repeatedly, more than once; cf the Spanish plural iinos. 

 Tina'k shniwatchna to swallow at one gulp; tina sunde kiulan a little over one 

 week. 



Adverbial numerals expressing instrumentality show the instrumental 

 case -tka, -ntka, -ntk, which in the numeral adjective is often found to occur 

 in a temporal and locative function. 



lapantka hii' shh'n he was shot twice, lit. "by two (shots)." 

 Im'k ni'sh lapukantka shlatampk they drew their hows at me both sinuil 

 taneously, 23, 17. 



The suffix -ash of the objective case is used in adverbial numerals to 

 express the locative idea: at so many spots, places; nadshash or nadshashak 

 at, to anotlier place ; lapash, ndanash at, to a second, third place ; cf nanukash 

 at any place, everywhere. The same form is also enii)loyed in a special kind 

 of multiplicatives, to which is added some term pointing to repetition, as 

 folding, being together, etc. 



la'psh, lapash pakalaksli twofold. 

 ndanash, nda'nsh pakalaksh threefold. 

 viinipsh pakalaksh fourfold. 



A parallel to this is formed by the following phrase, in which the abbre- 

 viated numeral is used : 



lap shantchaktantko twofold, lit. "two growing together." 

 nddn shantchaktantko threefold, lit. "three growing together." 



The term pair is rendered by lalapi each two; bunch by nanash s^o'- 

 s;uatch "united, bound into one." Lapiak means two only ; tunepiintak or 



