552 GRAMMAE OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



VIII. RECIPROCAL PRONOUN. 



This class of pronouns is not represented by special forms, and the 

 relation of reciprocity can be expressed only by means of the medial pre- 

 fix sh- or its compound, h-sh-, although shash, sham is sometimes used as a 

 reciprocal pronoun; cf 58, 10. 13. 61, 14, and Note. There exists an adverb, 

 or adverbial phrase, referring to reciprocity : shipapelankshtant against each 

 other, amnmi each other. Personal and emphatic pronouns are often added 

 to reciprocal verbs to complete the sense by showing in which of the three 

 persons the object stands, as we saw it done also in the case of the reflect- 

 ive pronouns. 



shishuka posh ka-A they fifjht hard amomj themselves. Mod. 

 patak huhashtilpkuak stahb'mg each other themselves, 114, 3. 

 pa't hashtaltal they disputed among themselves, 104, 3. 

 ge'k shash shiushuak pepewa these girls ivashed each other. 



IX. EMPHATIC PRONOUN. 



When the run of the sentence causes the speaker to lay emphasis upon 

 pronouns, this is usually done by subjoining t a k, tok to it ; or when a 

 close connection exists with preceding words or statements, t a k s, taksh, 

 or toks. This chiefly applies to pronouns contained in adversative sen- 

 tences: hiitak, hutoks bathe; he however, and other terms expressing con- 

 trast. Cf kanktak, tanktak. 



Placed after the possessive pronoun, tak, tok means one's own : ge-utak 

 tchuyesh hun gi this is my own hat; p'natak kiiilatat tchi'a to live in one's own 

 country, 39, 7 ; pitak (for pishtak) shi-ita to daub one^s own body over. For 

 the third person Modocs possess a special form of p'nii : hii pe'na she'shash 

 shiunaluash that he had ivritten his own name, 34, 6 ; cf pt'niak, in Dictionary. 

 Another Modoc form is pitakmani, of a reflective signification. 



Personal pronouns having this particle suffixed may be rendered in 

 English in different ways, according to the sense. Thus nntak, niVtoks is 

 myself, none hut me; I, however, I at least, etc. Ex.: ka-i hunk, niitoks wash 

 shlin not he, hut I, shot the prairie-wolf. In most instances, however, nutoks 

 stands for myself, itak, f-itok for thyself, and so the others: pitak, natak 



