55 i GBAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



exceed the measure of two syllables. Many of the verbs whicli fifrure as 

 postpositions are built up of pronominal roots, as ginhiijna, i-ukaki;'inina. 



Those of our prepositions which are of an abstract nature, as about, in 

 hehalf of, for, concerning, etc., are expressed in Klamath by inflectional suf- 

 fixes appended to the verb or noun, and all the postpositions we meet are 

 of a concrete, locative signification. Even the few temporal postpositions 

 are locative at the same time. In their purely locative aspect, postposi- 

 tions bear the strongest analogy with the case-postpositions -i, -kshi, 

 -ksaksi, -tala, -tana; -tana, abbr. -tan, -ta, is their most common affix; -ksh- 

 Is another, and in fact the use of postpositions is nothing else but a furtlier 

 extension of the nominal inflection. In gunigshtant beyond, e. g., the pro- 

 noun gunf is inflected just like a noun by the postpositions -kshi, -tana, 

 -tat or -ti. Muatita southward of is composed of miiat south, -ti suffix of 

 partitive case, -tala, -ta toward, and these inflectional terms of the secondary 

 or ternary stage mostly occur in an apocopated form. 



The nominal complements connected with the postpositions derived 

 from verbs stand in the same case which they would occupy if these post- 

 positions were verbs governing nouns — either in the objective case, which 

 in inanimate nouns cannot be distinguished from the subjective, or in the 

 locative case (-tat, -at) if rest, and not motion, has to be expressed. Modocs 

 frequently use the terminal -an of the present participle where Klamath Lake 

 has -a. The majority of the postpositions assumes distributive reduplication. 



Adverb postpositions are those postpositions which are sometimes used 

 adverbially without a complement, as ginhidna, kuita, p^lui, etc. 



In the following list of postpositions I have marked those terras which 

 appear as verbs and postpositions at the same time. For a better study of 

 each of the postpositions, readers will do well to consult the Dictionary. 



LIST OF THK PRINCIPAL POSTPOSITIONS. 



ginagshtant, ginakshta and ginatant, ginata this side of, on this side, in 

 front of: ginatan ko'sh in front of the pine tree; correlative to guni- 

 gshtant. 



ginhii'iia, d. gigganhirna inside of, within; said of a plurahty of subjects; 

 also verb and adverb. 



