LIST OF CONJUNOTIONS. 559 



hiinkanti, hunkantcha', luintala therefore, for that reason. 



ya, yk, i-a indeed, surely, really. 



kam (from ak, am) adverb and conjunction, expressive of desire, hope, 



probability ; cf. our adverb fain. 

 kayutch, kayudsh, Mod. ka-iu, adverb and conjunction: before, prior to. 

 ka-i not, the usual negative particle, is sometimes used as a conjunction, 



and may even stand at the end of a sentence, 

 k'lewiank, partic. of k'lewi, is used in the sense of subsequently 

 lish is used as a particle of asseveration and interrogation, answering 



to our "is it not sof" It is derived from le, le, the putative adverb 



not, being its enlarged form, 

 lupiak before, prior to, earlier than. 

 mat, apoc. ma, it is said, as they say or alley e, as reported; refers to facts 



or deeds spoken of Tua ma? tvhat is itf Mat mostly stands 



after the first word of the sentence, 

 na-asht, na'sht, nash, nas. Mod. n^-asht, thus, so, as follows ; when some- 

 body's words are mentioned verbally; often used as adverb, 

 nen, abbr, ne, ne, -n, oral particle : as you say, as they say, report, alleye, 



as I hear; used when people make mention of something said, 



spoken, or heard. Tua nen? ivhat did you say f nent thus now; 



it is right so, Mod. 

 pa, pd, suffixed -. pash, intranslatable particle, referring to the subject of 



the sentence. Pa ak, abbr. pa, / do not know. 

 pan, pen, pe'n again, hereupon, subsequently ; at pan after this, now, and; 



ka-i pen no longer, no more; tchiii pen hereupon; and in numerals. 



Pan is also adverb. 

 shuhank=shitko at the time when; c£ 109, 12. 

 tadsh, ta'dsh, tads, the enlarged form of the adverb tat, is marking an 



unexpected contrast : but, however, though Not used at the head 



of a sentence, 

 tak, tak, tok, tuk, suffixed taks, toksh, tuTish, a frequent emphatic, 



adversative, and disjunctive particle, appended to all parts of 



speech; answers best to however, but, though, and m Modoc forms 



a future tense Cf Emphatic Pi'onouns. 



