THE VERB G!. 577 



(2) gi to become, to begin to be, to turn into : 



ati luVk liildam gi't! that winter would become too long, 105, 9. 



ml geuiptcha pshe-utiwashash gftki gi I declare (nu gi) the human beings 



must become so, 103, 11. 12. 

 Modokisliash "B(5shtin giuapk" ksliapa theg declared the Modocs wanted 



to become Americans. 



(3) gi to be, of real existence; the Spanish ser: 

 tatkni i gi? ivhere are you from f 



kani gi! ivho is itf who is hef 



miini nu laki gi J am a powerful ruler, 192; 8. 



tiipaksh taksh i un g^-u gi! you certainly are my sister! 



The three syntactic relations of human speech manifest themselves, in 

 analogous shape, in the simple and in the compound sentence. These rela- 

 tions are the predicative, the objective, and the attributive relation. They will 

 be treated in the same order as now mentioned. 



THE PREDICATIVE RELATION. 



It is the relation existing between subject and verb, or, to use a term 

 more adapted to the Klamath language, the relation between subject and 

 noun-verb. It includes the whole syntax of the verb, excepting only the 

 relation of the verb to its object and (adverbial) attribute. When the pred- 

 icate is not a noun-verb, but a noun (substantive, adjective, pronoun), this 

 noun connects itself with the subject either by the verb gi to be or some 

 other term replacing it, as shesha to name, call, k'leka to become, turn into, 

 73, 6, etc. Concerning appositions, cf "Attributive Relation." 



The adjectives in -ni, -kni often express relations which, in English, 

 are rendered by a prepositional or adverbial phrase, and have to be consid- 

 ered as adverbs; e. g.: Kaimom yamakni gi Kaimom is from the north; p'lai- 

 talkni tchushnini tchia God lives forever. 



A nominal predicate always agrees with its subject in case, but not 

 always in number. 



