582 GIIAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



b. In the following instances oxytonized verbs refer to acts performed 

 simultaneously with others in the historic ^«s<, or at another time bygone: 



kiiilks shlaA theij then perceived the dust, 29, 7; cf. 65, 9. 



tsiii nat wawApk k'niakka nat then we sat down and were on the lookout, 



29, 13. 

 tsf hil'mkank shapiik so she said ivhen speaking about it, 65, 13. 

 wudokil hushts6;^a sha they struck and killed him right then and there, 



69, 1. 

 lupi' hunk shpunkanka, tchu'i lakiala first she kept, then married him, 



55, 18. 

 tchulhiula tch'u'nk, gukii at he took off his shirt, then climbed up. Mod. 

 a'tunk ati kedslui 'ap<ita kalo ivhen it had grown, high, it touched the sky, 



Mod. 



In several instances the possibility exists, however, that this oxyton- 

 ized verb is but an apocopated participle in -tko- (cf. paha dried, 74, G; 

 n^itsti atrophied etc.), or that an enclitic term following has attracted the 

 accent to the last syllable. Cf. what is said on Enclisis, pages 240-243, 

 and guhua nish I am swollen, 138, 3; k'leka taks nii hut I am dying, 138, 6; 

 k'lakuish gint niish after I have died, 64, 15; iina nat we took with us, 31, 6; 

 tawi shash he bewitches them, 62, 3. 



THE PRETERIT TENSES. 



All our preterits, as the past, perfect, and pluperfect tense, are ren- 

 dered by the simple noun-verb, and can be distinguished from the present 

 only through the syntactic connection or by the addition of temporal ad- 

 verbs. These latter being frequently omitted, the run of the sentence is 

 often the only point by which tense can be discerned. In the otlier modes 

 the preterit is represented by the verbals and a participle. 



A. — Past and perfect. These two tenses of the English grammar are 

 not distinguished from each other in Klamath. Transitive and intransitive 

 verbs may or may not assume, either before or after the verb, the adverbs 



