586 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



List of Suffixes, -ola, -tka. A temporal t'onjiinction, like at, tcliui etc , often 

 accompanies these forms 



Ijipeni waitolank, illolulank ufter two days, years had elapsed, Kl. 



at nat neli'nulank at gempele after having scalped him (lit. "having fin- 

 ished scalping"), tve returned home, 30, 20. 



tchui slia lu'lal^a pa-ulank and haimifj done eating they tvent to bed, 113, 11. 



kshatgatnu'lank shiuga snawedsh having drawn out the woman he killed 

 her, 111, 17. 



shu-utanku'lasli tche'k after having concluded peace, 39, 13. 



THE FUTURE TENSES. 



The future marks an act or state not yet begun, or only intended, or 

 an act or state begun but not yet completed. It is expressed by the suffix 

 -uapka, a compound of the verb \vA to stay ivithin, to exist, lire, and the dis- 

 tancial suffix -)jka (cf Suffixes, -apka, -pkaj, which has assumed here a tem- 

 poral function.* In the northern dialect, -uapka is the most frequent mode 

 of expressing the future tenses in principal and in incident clauses, whereas 

 the southern or Modoc dialect is apt to substitute for it the nude verbal 

 stem with -tak, -tok (not -taksh, -toks) appended. This is done, e. g., when 

 one sentence is subordinated to another, the particle then appearing in one 

 of the two or in both, often accompanied by un, lin. Instances of -tak to 

 indicate the future tense are not frequent in the northern dialect; k'Uiki'itak 

 nt I might die, 129, 4, is the conditional mode, and could be spelled k'liikat ak. 



Verbs with the suffix -uapka assume various modal functions, to be 

 sketched below. This tense forms no conditional in -t, but otherwise pos- 

 sesses all the grammatic forms of the simple verb in -a, -i etc., and can 

 almost be regarded as forming an independent verb for itself. 



Verbs in the -uapka form are put to many diiferent uses, all of which 

 have this in connnon, that they point to an act or state not yet begun or 

 completed. The scarcity of temporal forms in Klamath has accumulated s > 

 many functions upon this suffix, that adverbs and conjunctions nuist son.e 

 times be employed as helps to distinguish one from another. 



• Tbo saimi suflix, -uapka, appears also in a contracted form as opka, -upka, forming desidcratiye 

 verbs. Mentioned under Sutii.x -<>i)ka, q. v. 



