IMPERATIVE MODE. 591 



form — have been discussed, though it will be appropriate to add a few more 

 syntactic exam[)les here for illustration. The future in -uapka, which has 

 no exhortative form, is sometimes supplanting the imperative under certain 

 conditions. We also find the participle in -nk, -n replacing the imperative, 

 but ratlier nnfrequently; cf "Usitative tense-form," page 581, and below. 



ge'n' i ! go thou! s%utk' ish! cross me over! 



spi^i a na ! now let us pull! gena-atak na ! let us go there! 



nanuk tids wawal^at ! all of you stand up straight! 90, 14. 



ktiwal^at na-entch tchkash! post ye up another man besides! 22, 15. 



ka'hlantak na lin ! let us enter now! Mod. 



i shutetki ! let thou perform! 139, 6. 



u'ts gint, shlitki nush! never mind, let them fire at me! 22, 10. 



ka-i i teltkitak ! you must not look dowmvard! Mod. 



tchel;^an! sit down! nush tchileyan i gi ! give it to me! Mod. 



tchi\leks ish tchileyank i ! give me some meat! Kl. 



lumko'ktki kiidshiki'ilaktki ! take a steam-hath and take a rest! Mod. 



pa'h gcpkan tchimi ! come and eat right here! 



kayak kilhuan! do not get angry ! Mod. 



Many imperative locutions suppress their verb, which, of course, can 

 be replaced without difficulty by the hearers; cf page 568, and: 



hi-itok at ! sit down! down! 



pe'lak tchimi ! here! quick! pelak kuni ! over there, quick! huya ! donHgo! 



ka-i ta ! do not! hold on! ka-i tche'k i ! do not (shoot) ! Mod. 



THE PARTICIPIAL FORMS. 



The two forms of Klamath now to be spoken of correspond in almost 

 every particular to the participles of the European languages, and I have 

 therefore not hesitated to call them by this name. Participles and verbals 

 aff'ord excellent means to build up periods, in the most breviloquent and 

 expressive manner, by subordinating certain acts or facts to the main verb 

 and incorporating all into one sentence. What the Klamath and the classic 

 languages of antiquity express by a participle or verbal, modern languages 

 will often resolve into an incident clause, or into a principal clause, correl- 



