592 GRAMMAR OF TUE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



ative to the main verb; but to turn the sentence into a nominal form of the 

 verb often has the great advantage of brevity and vigor over the analytic 

 wording of it. 



1. The participle in -nh, -n temporally expresses the past and present, 

 sometimes the ])luperfect, tliough I call it the present participle for the sake 

 of brevity. Its subject is mostly identical with tliat of the main verb, and 

 whenever it fulfills the function of an adjective its natural position is before 

 that verb. Like the English participle in -imi, it frequently stands where 

 the Latin would use its gerund-form in -ndo; of shulatchtilan tchc'l^a to he 

 on one^s knees, in Morphology, page 407 ; and this also has to be placed 

 before the verb of the sentence. 



The structure of this participle as a part of the sentence presents no 

 difficulties, and we therefore give only a few instances of its use: 



ku'shga tcha, p'lii' i'tchuank le'vuta they combed, oiled, and dressed 



. him, 95, 17. 

 Tchika shlaa Aishishash huyegank, hu'tan ku-ishevvank shla'pgle Tchika 



saw Aishish sitting far off, jumped up, heiiif/ (jlad to find him. again, 



96, 5. Here huyegapkash seems preferable to huyegank. 

 itpampelank yamnash shasli shewana bringing the beads home he gave 



them to them, 96, 8. 

 hu'ktag hullatchiiyank pakakolank paksli nutolala lulukshtat the little 



one ran back and forth, and, jerking off the pipe, swung it into thifirCf 



96, 16. 

 g^knan shl4-uki! 170 out and close the door! Mod. 



Instances of its use may be found on almost every page of the Texts. 

 Compare, e. g., the passages 22, 16; 34, 13; 42, 7; 71, 7; 109, 4. 



The use of this participle as a usitative and imperative form has been 

 alluded to severally; cf. pages 580, 581. A similar form is produced when 

 the finite verb of a sentence is supplanted by the present participle, as in: 



tchi sha hatokt geld'lank shewatxastka thus they dismounted there at 

 noon-time, 19, 10. 



