USES OF PARTICIPLES. 595 



kima'dsham pAtko tooth-aching ; lit. "eaten by the ant." 



wakash aggaipksh the bone-awl which was stuck into (the ceiling), 120, 22. 



tchiktchikam lupatkuelatko scarred by a wagon. 



sawalktko having been given'iwesents, 136, 7. 



d. Jnstances of participles in -tko derived from intransitive verbs. 



Many of them can be distinguished only with difficulty from the verbal 

 adjectives of the same terminal. Some have even turned into substantives, 

 abstract as well as concrete: k'lekatko corpise, i-ut;lntko heavy load; strength, 

 k'mutchatko old man. Cf Suffix -tko, No. 5. 



shloa wawakayapkash lynxes sitting upon (trees), 125, 2. 



kikasktinkatk having walked about, 24, 20. 



(nil) hatokt gatpantk I teas going there, 140, 6. 



p'gi'sh4iilatko, shashamoks=161atko bereaved of mother, relatives; lit. "the 



mother, the relatives having died." 

 gful/a, for giul;^atko, horn; cf le'luidshish, in Dictionary. 



e. Instances of verbal adjectives formed by -tko, -tk. 



These words are often the participles of attributive verbs, q. v. Add 

 to these all the comprehensive terms of relationship in -altko, as shapta- 

 laltko etc. 



sa-ulankankatk {\nii) followers, 100, 17. 



ku'imne lalaiishaltko the hard-rock cave, 42, 19. 



tsmo'k pi'luitk smelling after rotten fish, 146, 7. 



hemkanks tiimenatk they tcere acquainted with the language, 23, 3. 



wika=telantko short-faced, 190; 14. • 



Others are: kshiii;{itko, li'iixitko, winip^itko superior to, surpassing; ma'- 

 shetko, mashitk tasting like; shawigatko irritable; tishilatko crooked; tish- 

 xalkuleatko plicated; ulc^atko flexible. 



THE NOMINAL FOEMS CALLED VERBALS. 



The various nominal forms of the verb, called verbals, are a peculiar 

 feature of Indian languages, and since some of them differ in their uses 

 from all we know in European languages, their correct use is not an easy 



