VERBAL PRETERIT. 605 



d. Verbal in -slit after certain verbs. Sentences expressing the direct 

 object of tlie verbs of knowing, believing, hearing, sjJcaJiing, inquiring, unci 

 others mentioned on page 597, are rendered by the verbal indefinite in -sh; 

 but when they refer to causes, conditions, or circumstances of the act, and 

 especially when their subject differs from that of the main verb, the verbal 

 in -sht is employed, and the verbal in -tki, -tgi, if a purj^ose or order, com- 

 mand is mentioned. 



lu'la wfisham pakluipkash k'k'kuapksht tchek they believe that when the 

 coyote howls they (other Indians than themselves) tvill die, 133, 2. 



tsi n sayuakta ti'na Moatuashash sellualst (shasli) thus I knoiv that they 

 (the Lake people) have once fought the Pit River Indians, 20, 21. 



tumi liii'nk shdyuakta hu'masht=gisht tchuti'sht many knoiv it, that (the 

 conjurer) has cured (patients) in this manner, 73, 8. 



shemtchalpja hii'nk, tawl'sht Dr. Johnash k'lekapkash she discovered that 

 Dr. John had bewitched the deceased (man), 66, 1. 



Aishish tumena shtiitpjishalsht pish hliluka Aishish heard that his Avives 

 had wept for him in mourning. Mod.; cf 39, 20. 



vuia: "tdm tatakiash shle'sht"? she asked tvhethcr he had seen the chil- 

 dren, 122, 18 (indirect question). 



ni'sh sa liiwa'-ula hu'kuapksht they did not alloiv me to run across, 22, 5. 



4. The verbal preterit in -uish. 



This verbal shows, in its function, considerable analogy with abstract 

 substantives and the nouns in -uish in general, but differs from them by its 

 lack of case-inflection. It refers tc acts or states belonging to the past, and 

 the subordinate clauses by which we express its bearings have to be worded 

 in our past or pluperfect tense; discontinuation of the verbal act is not 

 always implied by its use. When the grammatic subject of the verbal is 

 expressed by a substantive or personal pronoun, it stands in the objective 

 or possessive case: if by a possessive pronoun, in the objective case. It 

 sometimes differs from the subject of the finite verb in the sentence. 



1. When the object or complement of the verbs of telling, announcing, 

 thinking, replying, hearing, and others enumerated on page 597, consists in a 



