614 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



mikuslixenkni shti'ya shislii'dsha each of the men living at the dam put 



pitch on his head, 132, 6. 

 M6atuash a6ho=UHtclina (for =huliatclina) the Pit River Indians raised 



their war-cry while running, 23, 15. 



3. Distributive reduplication observed in the noun and verb: 

 kek wa-utchaga titadshi gi these dogs are faithful. 

 gek shasli sliiushiiak a pepewa these girls wash each other. 

 sa liu'nk luluags wa'k slinushne;^ank slinikshul;ja seising the captives by 



the arms, they made them dance, 16, 12. 

 wfwalag tu'slikampele the young deer were running out again, 120, 12. 15. 

 tchitcluiluish kintala young felloivs are ivalking about, 186; 52. 

 at gakiamna slilishlololan then they surrounded (her), each cocking his gun 



41, 3, Mod. 



METHODvS OF EXPRESSING POSSESSIDN. 



There is no exact equivalent in this language for our verbs to possess, 

 to own, to have; and with the verb gi, which is chiefly used to express pos- 

 session, the logical subject is not identical with the grammatic subject. The 

 different methods in use to express this idea are the following: 



1. The substantive verb gi to he, when not occurring in its participial 

 form, gitko, requires the possessor to stand in the possessive case of a noun, 

 or, if expressed by a pronoun, a possessive pronoun fulfills this function. 

 The object possessed then figures as the grammatic subject of the finite 

 verb gi, and the sentence becomes equivalent to our to be somebody^s. The 

 verb gi, or inflectional forms of it, are often dropped altogether: 



kalam ge latchash? or kalam ge latchash gi? ivho owns this lodge? Kl. 

 kiikiam gek shul('>tisli? whose (pi.) are these garments f 

 tumi mjilam maklaksam luldaraalaksli gi your tribe has many winter-lodges. 

 ude-udalkatko ke-u wakish gi / have a streaked roof-ladder; lit. "my 



inside roof-ladder is speckled", 175; 14. 



And other examples on page 432. 



2. But whenever the participle gitko, abbr. gitk, having, jMSsesscd of is 

 employed instead of one of the finite foi-ms of gi, the grammatical subject 



