616 GRAMMAE OF TOE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



4. Possession is also expressed by the suffix -altko, in the oblique cases 

 -alpkash, -alpkam, under similar conditions as in case No. 3. Being deriv- 

 atives of real or supposed inchoative verbs in -ala, the forms in -altko do 

 not exactly refer to dress or wear, but to possession acquired by purchase 

 or otherwise, or increasing steadily, or property becoming accessible grad- 

 ually. The possession of mental and moral qualities is also expressed by 

 this verbal form. The verb gi, in its various inflectional forms, may be 

 added to it, but is generally omitted. Cf. -altko, page 317; also page 594. 



nu a tchuye'shaltko (gi) / own a hat. 



nil a loloksgfshaltk I possess, carry a gun. 



t a watchakaltko you have a dog. 



pat a wA-utchaltko (gi) they own horses. 



hu lish snAwedshash vunipa wewesh^ltko (Kl. weweshaltko) this woman 



has four children, Mod. 

 ha talaltko, tchek ak nii ta-uni gdnt if I had money, Iwoidd go to the city. 

 hishuaksh hiin mu talaltko this man is wealthy, Kl. 

 lil-ukshikni litchlitchlish steinshaltko the Klamath Lake peoiile arehrave; 



equivalent to: E-ukshikni litchlitchlish steinash gitko, "strong 



hearts are havingr." 



'to* 



5. Among other terms sometimes I'esorted to to express ownership,* we 

 quote the following, and add their real signification: k^liak not having, not 

 possessed of, with the object in the objective case; shunuishaltko, shdtalu- 

 atko having property ; hashtaltampka to manage on^s property, to lord it over. 



METHODS OF EXPRESSING COMPULSION. 



According to the degree of compulsion which is brought to bear upon 

 somebody, different modes of expression will be used. If the impulse is 

 a mere inducement, advice, or suggestion, the exhortative mode in -tki is 

 employed: 



tche'ksle nu gatpantki let me go there after a tvhile. 



' other ways of expressing ownership or possession iu various North American languages are 

 referred to in "American Anthropologist" of 18rt8, page 1540. 



