THE DIEECT OBJECT, 621 



liun galdslmi unite yourself to AisMsh, 193 ; 11 ; spautish shniaktcha to send 

 for poison, 13, 14. 



The linguistic matter coming within the scope of the objective relation 

 will be treated under the following headings : Object expressed («) by a 

 noun ; (h) by a pronoun ; (c) by a verbal form. In the case of the indirect 

 object the noun is often accompanied by a postposition. The distinction 

 drawn between the direct and the indirect object is made from the stand- 

 point of English, not of Klamath grammar. 



THE DIRECT OBJECT. 



Only transitive and some impersonal verbs can take a direct object. 

 The direct object, if nominal or pronominal, must be in the objective case. 



A. Nouns as objects. — The substantives of the animate class, which 

 includes persons, personified beings, quadrupeds, etc.; all the adjectives and 

 the numeral adjectives assume the terminal -ash, -sh in the objective case, 

 whereas the substantives of the inanimate order, which comprehend all the 

 lower animals, plants, lifeless objects, and abstract nouns, foi-m their object- 

 ive case like the subjective. Tlie possessive pronouns have to be classed 

 with the inanimate order of substantives in regard to their objective case. 



But this rule often becomes infringed by phonetic influences, by the 

 use of adjectives as attributes of nouns, and by other circumstances. Of 

 this a separate chapter gives the particulars. There are a few instances 

 where the object is expressed by other oblique cases : 



li'lhankshti i'tpa he brought venison, .112, 15. 

 nanuktuanta pdpuadshnish one who spends everything. 



We would expect here : li'lhankshti tchule'ks i'tpa and nanuktualash 

 pf^puadshnish (from puedsha to spend, throw away). 



There are also instances of one verb having two or more direct objects, 

 commonly one to designate a person and the other or others an inanimate 

 thing : 



skii'tash sha pallapka hu'nksh they robbed him of a blanket. 

 nd-jins shlin wa'k E-ukshki'shas he had shot another (man), a Klamath 

 Lake, in tJie arm, 24, 2. 



