622 GllAMMAK OF THE KLAMATU LANGUAGE. 



■ ilkslixe'ni a slia shnuka nu'p k'lakapkash at the grace theij seize the de- 

 ceased hij the hand, 87, 10. 

 Aisliishasli slitilta slinil'lasli he sent Aishish after a nest, 94, 9. 



One object is pronominal and the other nominal in : 



gu'tash nu'sh ku'pga nu.sh a louse bites me on the head, 119, 3. 



tu'm shash nga'-isha Moatoki'shash mani/ of these Modoc men they 



wounded; lit. "many them they wounded Modocs," 21, 16. 

 vusso'k sas tilli'ndsa wc'wanuish /H/y/itenfif/, tlicy ahandoned their females ; 



lit "them they left the women," 19, 16. 



In the last two examples shash, as hu'nk does in others, appears super- 

 fluous to us, but it does not appear so to those who speak the Klamath 

 lang-uag-e correctly. 



The regular and natural position of the nominal object in the sentence 

 is after the subject and before the verb. 



B. Pronouns as objects. — When the direct object is expressed by a 

 personal or demonstrative, interrogative or relative pronoun, these are given 

 in the full or syncopated, absolute or distributive form of the objective case. 

 When expressed in their full form, their position in the sentence is usually 

 before the verb, but when the s3'ncopated form is employed they may be 

 l)laced before or after it. Reflective and emphatic pronouns are dealt with 

 in the same manner as personal pronouns. When the direct personal or 

 impersonal object is expressed by a demonstrative pronoun, its distance 

 from the speaker, and the circumstance whether it is within his sight or 

 not, is indicated by the selection of the pronoun. Even the deceased are 

 referred to by special pronouns, as hu't, hil'ksht, etc. ; for it would be a sin 

 against the sacred customs of this people to pronounce the name by which 

 a deceased person was known during life. The above has been referred to 

 in numerous examples given on previous pages of the Grammar. 



Impersonal verbs have their pronominal or personal object in the 

 objective case; but whether this is a direct or an indirect object in the 

 sense employed in the grammars of European languages is not always easy 

 to determine. Cf the list of objective impersonal verbs on page 430, and 

 Note to 72, 1. 



