628 GKAMMAK OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



formed dependent on the verb of the main sentence. Tliis clause may 

 appear under the form of an adverbial, conditional, or other clause, and as 

 such will be spoken of under the heading "Compound Sentence"; or the 

 verbal object appears under the form of a causative, intentional, durative, 

 or other verbal, examples of which have been presented under their respect- 

 ive headings in previous parts of the Syntax. 



Many verbs which are accompanied by a nominal or pronominal indi- 

 rect object figuring as a separate term have a way of pointing to that object 

 by means of some sound or syllable forming an integral part of these verbs. 

 Among these affixes we remark -fa, -fya, a verbal suffix pointing to an ani- 

 mate being for which, or in Avhose interest, an act is performed, and -pa, a 

 suffix referring to an act directed toward the subject of the verb. Cf. -<£&, 

 -gien, and the above two, in : List of Suffixes. 



The external form of an indirect object, like that of a direct one, is 

 outlined by a number of prefixes, as a-, i-, 1-, n-, nu-, pe-, shl-, u-, and 

 others, some of these being also indicators of number. To make the refer- 

 ence intelligible, the indirect object has to be added, and this is usually 

 done by means of a noun. Lena to travel describes travel by means of a 

 round object, and the phrase is con)plete oidy when we say: tchiktchikatka 

 le'na i t/ou travel on a ivagon, cart, or carriage; tkeka to perforate with some- 

 thing long, as a knife, or the hand: watitka, nepatka; upata, updtia to inflict 

 a ivonnd with a long article, as with a knife ; watitka, ulil't;{a to knock down 

 with a stick or clnh. The following distinctions remind us of the six instru- 

 mental prefixes occurring in the Dakota language : latchaya to split with a 

 knife, ntch^ya to split with edge and maul, patchtiya to split with some tool 

 in hand, utchaya to split with the long way ax or hatchet; add to this: kta- 

 tchaya to cut into strips* 



THE ATTRIBUTIVE RELATION. 



After the simple sentence has become enlarged by the addition of a 

 direct and indirect complement to the finite verb, it can expand still further 



* In tlio Sioux Dakotan dialect, jia- indicates an act performed by pushing or rubbing with the 

 hand ; iia- an act performed with the feet ; ya- with the mouth ; ba- by cutting or sawing; ba- by pierc- 

 ing; ka- by striking with a stick or ax. 



