NOMINAL COMPOUNDS. 639 



(e). Other nominal compounds. 



Substantives can form other compounds — with adverbs, for instance. 

 They take the second or last place in the compound, and their verbal nature 

 becomes more apparent than in other compounds : 



h!itak=tchitko settler, inhahitanf. 



hunashak sheshash nickname. 



ketcha bubilnuish iippler. 



ketcha muatitala shk'wish west-south-west ivind. 



killan shishukish brave warrior. 



ko-i tunienash noise, lit. "disagreeable hearing." 



ie'p=kleks (supply p'gishap) mother who lost her children. 



mxina tatamnuish mole, lit. "walker in the deep." 



ndnukash=kailakni people from every land, strangers. 



POSITION OF WORDS IN THE SENTENCE. 



Languages endowed with a copious array of inflectional affixes ex- 

 press the mutual relation of w^ords by means of these, and need, there- 

 fore, no strict rules for position of each word in the sentence. Mono- 

 syllabic languages cannot inflect their words; therefore they indicate the 

 subject, object, etc., exclusively by their position among the other words, 

 while English, which preserves a remnant of its former wealth of inflec- 

 tion, is more free in this respect, and Klamath is freer still. Neverthe- 

 less, this language follows certain principles in arranging the elementary 

 parts of the sentence, which are disregarded only when rhetoric effects 

 are attempted. 



The chief rule for the simple, declarative sentence is: "The subject 

 elands before its verb, and its usual position is at the head of the sentence. 

 If the verb or predicate does not include the copula (viz., the verb to he), 

 then the copula comes after the predicate. Direct and, less frequently, in- 

 direct objects precede the verb, standing between it and its subject. The 

 attribute precedes the noun, the adverb the verb which it qualifies." Sen- 



