THE EXCLAMATORY SENTEN^CB, 649 



nected with gintak, gi'nt. titch gi'ntak ! let it go! is said when something 

 is held tightly. 



giikan a na't ! vi'tch na'lsh hushtcho'ktgi ! let us go out, ivhetlier they kill 



lis or not! 17, 9. 

 g^nu i git', o-61ka, kinhia'na ! come rigJit inside, o little pigeon! 182; 4. 

 ya! ati' a na'lsh winni'^itk tua' ki ! to be sure! he is somelody much 



stronger than toe are! 112, 11. 12. 

 ka-i x?d hii'kt gi ! it is not he! (Mod.) 



tii'sh ak nen hvi'k wak kii'la ? ^vhat can they be doing somewhere? 1 1 0, 19. 

 tiitutu ! wennini tua gatpa ! by heavens! some strange man has come in! 



112, 7. 

 uk hai ! uk ta we'k hu, tuan a ! tvhy! perhaps lie did some evil to him! 



(Mod.) 

 u'tch gintak am nu ge'nt ! / have a good notion to go! 

 u'tch gintak am nu ka-i git ! I have changed my mind and, will not do it! 



F. — List of particles frequently used in the simple sentence. 



Under this lieading I have gathered a number of particles, partly un- 

 translatable, or to be rendered in English by a separate phrase or sentence 

 only, which are peculiar to Indian speech and of rather frequent occurrence. 

 Among them are two oral particles, which in recounting stories are repeated 

 to satiety by the Maklaks ; similar particles are introduced into almost every 

 sentence of a narrative by Iroquois, Omaha, Ponka, Tonkawe, and other 

 North American Indians. Some of these particles must be considered as 

 adverbs, while others participate more of the nature of conjunctions. 



a. The declarative particle a represents the idea of actuality, action 

 at the present time ; it stands eitlier separately or forms the declarative 

 mode of the verb, or words of verbal origin, or composes suffixes, as -oga, 

 -tka, -uapka, etc. Standing separately it points to the present tense, and 

 is more frequently used in this function in the northern than in the south- 

 ern dialect. In sound it is like .the interrogative d, and should not be con- 

 founded with it. 



at a na'lsh pinu'dsha note she has caught up tvith us, 121, 22. 



i a shudktcha you are just weeping. 



