LIST OF PARTICLES. 653 



lieu, abbr. nen, ne, ne, -n, the other of the two oral particles in the 

 Inuguage, may, whenever translatable, be rendered by alleged by, as they 

 say, as rejwrted, like the preceding one, but it also supplants the verbs I say 

 or said; he, she says, said ; they say or said so, so I am fold. Not only words 

 spoken by oneself or others ai-e referred to by this ubiquitous particle, but 

 also musical sounds, sounds of nature, noises, cries of men or animals. It, 

 however, does not refer to acts, events, situations, like mat. This may be 

 better understood when considering its prefix n-, which refers to motions 

 extending along the ground or the earth's surface ; cf nt'na, nenu (nii'ml), 

 nepka, n(?paksh, in Dictionary. This particle, which saves many circum- 

 locutory sentences to the natives, differs also from mat in its capacity of 

 heading a sentence, and serves, like mat, to introduce verbatim quotations 

 or indirect speech. Nen also stands for to name, to call; c£ page 458. 



(a). Nen referring to sounds, noises, etc.: 



kanltani nen kani gi I tvho is outside f (nen referring to the noise heard 



outdoor), 

 na'n u wika=shitko miikash ha'ma an oivl is hootiny apparently close hy, 



as I hear, 1 92 ; 2. 

 nil ai nen nutu'yamna I am huszing around, you hear, 165; 16, and Note; 



said by the wasp. 



(&). Nen referring to spoken words, often as a mere expletive : 



dtgnen (for at a nen) gakayoluapka, na-asht nen waltka now they will 



leave the woods, so I hear them say, 23, 5. 6. 

 a't ne tchui tchek Aishish gepka this time Aishish has come, so ye say 



yourselves (Mod.). 

 hiimasht tchi nen hemkanka i' ! that's the way you talk! (we heard you), 

 ka-i nil nen ki / shall not do what yoa say. 

 ke'ksha ak nen wcnkat these men would hare died, I am told. 

 klika nu nen I say I have no time. 

 lakiam ne unaka mpadsa ne at now they hare made Hind the chiefs son, 



as reported (Mod.). 

 nen ka tanni ak that's all, lit. "just so fur they report." 



