656 GKAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



port. They present no syntactic difficulties; the list of conjunctions, pages 

 556-560, and the Dictionary fully sutlice to leach the uses made of them, 

 which mainly consist in connecting co-ordinate sentences. 



n. THE COMPOUND SENTENCE. 



Comjiound sentences consist of two or more clauses with finite verbs 

 showing some temporal, causal, or other logical connection, and forming 

 but one period. When the compound sentence is composed of two clauses, 

 one of the two is subordinate to the other ; when composed of three or 

 more clauses, one of them figures as the principal clause, the others being 

 dependent of it. The sign of connection between the principal clause and 

 the incident clause or clauses is a conjunction. Clauses may be embodied 

 also in sentences in which the finite verb is replaced by a participle or 

 verbal ; but then they are not clauses in the grammatic sense of the term, 

 although they may fulfill the same syntactic office as these. Compound 

 sentences may also be formed by a multiple system of clauses, one of these 

 clauses being dependent from a principal one, the other clauses being inci- 

 dent to the one depending directly from the principal clause. 



Wliat we express by incident clauses is often rendered in Klamath by 

 copulative sentences co-ordinate to each other ; and it may be stated as a 

 general principle that in the languages of primitive populations the co-ordi- 

 nate sentence is a more natural and frequent syntactic form of expression 

 than the compound sentence. 



kii'gi a n'sh tcho'ksh, hf ni gdnuapk though one of my legs is lame, I shall 

 walk to the lodge. 



Nothing is more common in our literary languages than subjective, 

 objective, and attributive clauses, terms which express the fixct that sul»- 

 jects and objects of sentences and attributes of nouns are not rendered by 

 single words but by sentences. This practice is greatly favored bv the 

 extensive use of the relative pronoun and the numerovis particles derived 

 from it, as well as by the analytic character of these languages. But in 

 Klamath and many other Indian tongues the relative pronoun is seldom 

 employed, certain particles possess a more limited function than ours, and 



