THE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE. 659 



conjunction, as ha if, and to this corresponds, at the head of the apodosis 

 or main sentence, another conjunction correlative to the above, like tcha 

 then, though this is frequently omitted. There are instances, also, when 

 the conjunction of the conditional clause is dropped and that of the apodosis 

 alone is inserted. 



Hit, he if, supposing that, is proclitic, and mostly used in a purely con- 

 ditional, not often in a temporal sense, like our when. It often combines 

 with a, -tak, -toks, tchish, tchui into a compound particle, and then becomes 

 accented, as in ha'tak, hJi'toks, hji' a toks hut if; ha tchui, abbr. hii'tchi, 

 ha'tsi if then; hii' tchish, abbr. ha'tch and if The terms for if are usually 

 inflected or case-forms of pronominal roots, and so hii seems formed either 

 from lij'i on hand, hy hand or from hu this one* by the addition of the tem- 

 poral and local particle i. Hii usually connects itself with the declarative 

 mode, but the conditional mode is not unheard of; cf. 87, 5. 



In the apodosis, tchii then corresponds correlatively to the ha, he of tlie 

 subordinate, conditional clause, but is very frequently omitted or replaced 

 by some other particle. Its vocalic ending is analogous to that of hii if 

 and tchii, tche is etymologically connected with tcha-u now, at the present 

 time, and with tchek finally, at last. Tche'k is nothing but the particle tchii 

 enlarged by the demonstrative adverb ke, ke, abbr. -k, is usually postposi- 

 tive and often ends the principal clause, especially when connected with 

 the future tense. But it also stands for our until, and in that case intro- 

 duces statements of a purely temporal import. 



If the act or state described by the incident conditional clause is laid 

 in the future tense, the Modoc dialect prefers the use of the particle -tak 

 (not -toks, -taks) appended to the base of the verb, while the northern 

 dialect clings to the suffix -uapka. For the sake of parallelism, Modoc 

 repeats the same form in the apodosis and often adds the particle un, un a, 

 u'na in one of the clauses or in both. This particle is temporal, and coire- 

 sponds nearest to our sometime, but is not often translatable in the English 

 rendering of Modoc sentences. 



* In the same manner our when is derived from hva, the radix of the relative and interrogative 

 pronoun ; if, in Gothic ibu, is the instrumental case of the pronominal radix i ; the Latin si if is a con- 

 traction of svai, sei, and with the Oscan svae is the feminine locative case of the reflective x)rouominal 

 radix sva-. 



