THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE 661 



the suffix -gfiik from giank. Its original meaning- is, tlierefore: "may be, 

 could be so, perhaps, for instance," and from tins the concessive though has 

 gradually evolved. The Modoc dialect seldom uses it, and the instances 

 below will show how frequently it is connected with verbals and participles. 

 In 112, 3 we find it connected with an adjective ; cf. u'tch in Dictionary. 



kla';{atk gintak i hii'tkalpalank shli-uapk hu'nksh though dead, you shall 



skip up again and shoot him, 110, 6. 

 k'mu'tchatk gi'ntak tchiltgipeletam'nuk in order to he restored again to 



life repeatedly, though in old age, 103, 10. 

 nu' ak ya hiln shkayent gi'ntak (for: shkaini at gi'ntak) gu'hli'plit I 



can certainly get into, although he is strong, 112, 2. 3. 

 tsutish gi'ntak ku-i gi she gets worse, though treated (by a conjurer), 68, 8. 



B. THE ADVERBIAL CLAUSE. 



This graramatic term comprehends all the incident clauses by which a 

 finite verb or the principal clause containing this finite verb is determined 

 in an adverbial manner. Following the classification adopted in Morphol- 

 ogy, pages 5C2 sqq., we thus have adverbial clauses of (a) quantity and 

 degree; (&) of space; (c) of tense; {d) quality or modality and cause. 

 Many of these clauses appear as I'udimentary sentences, viz., as phrases 

 containing a verbal or participle or embodying no part of a verb at all, 

 like pa'dshit pshin to-night. Adverbial clauses are mainly of a temporal, 

 sometimes of a causative import, and the conjunctions introducing them 

 either stand at the head of the sentence or occupy the second place in it. 

 The conjunctions occurring in this kind of clauses have all been mentioned 

 in the list, pages 562 sqq. The "Legal Customs" Text, pages 58-63, is full 

 of instances where sentences which we would render in the form of adverbial 

 clauses are resolved into simple sentences and made co-ordinate to the prin- 

 cipal clause ; cf. page 61. The same may be said of many of the sentences 

 introduced by tchui in the "Snake Fights," pages 28-33. 



at gatpa at shld'kla n-hot they had arrived, they shot at the marl-, 100, 20. 

 at gil'tak ni siiyuakta, hu'masht sii'llual A'-ukskni Walamski'shash this 



is all I know how the Klamath Lakes fought the Rogue River Indians, 



17, 18. 19. 



