APrENDICES TO TQE GKAMMAK. 673 



APPENDICES. 



The chapters following do not form a structural part of the grammar 

 proper, and therefore they were relegated to the end of this section as 

 appendices. They include many points needed for acquiring a thorough 

 knowledge of Klamath, but could not be conveniently inserted in either 

 the lexical or grammatic section because they partake equally of the char- 

 acter of both. Several of these chapters could have been made consider- 

 ably more voluminous, but, as there must be a limit to everything, what 

 is given below was thought to suffice as specimens of the subject-matter 

 treated. The subjects are treated in the following order : 



Appendix I : Idioms. 



Apepndix II : Conversational form of language. 

 Appendix III : Dialectic differences. 

 Appendix IV: Syntactic examples. 

 Appendix V: Complex synonymous terms. 

 Appendix VI : Roots with their derivatives. 



I. IDIOMS. 



Idioms are certain modes of expression having something striking, 

 quaint, pointed, or unusual about them, although they are founded in the 

 structure of the language to which they belong, and they do not unfre- 

 quently appear as rhetorical figures. Idiomatic expressions may be con- 

 tained in phrases or sentences or in single words ; occasionally the idiomatic 

 use made of certain terms implies another meaning than the common one, 

 and their peculiar wording often renders their translation into other lan- 

 guages difficult. Agencies most active in producing idiomatic forms of 

 language are the psychic qualities of the people, social customs, historic 

 occurrences, climatic associations, witty sayings, and similar causes. They 

 impart life and color to language, and no investigator of popular thought 

 can dispense entirely with the study of them. Books composed in our lit- 

 erary languages do not often exhibit them conspicuously, but a freer display 



of them is made in the conversational style, in curses, oaths and other assev- 

 43 



