COLLOQUIAL FORMS. 677 



ndshoka nish nugslitant ma'shok heing deaf in one env I cannot hear iviih 



it; ear is omitted, 

 pa'dshit ml m'ni'k ktana I flept very little last night. 

 pukewish nu'sh, p. shii'm blockhead, lit. "leather head," "leather mouth." 

 tidsh hemkanka, lit. "to speak favorably": to conclude peace ; to make a 



satisfactory arrangement; to speak in favor of order, justice; to give laws. 

 tidsh, ko-i hushkanka to he or feel happy; to le sorrowful. 

 tuinika (for tuinixatko) tak t vin you tvill he a man in woman's clothes; 



said to little boys, when disobedient, 

 tchil' m'l lik it is a had omen for you. 

 tchui kek'wi then I, he, she, they quit; often added unnecessarily, as a 



standing formula, at the end of narratives. 

 litawa ! dead broken! exclamation of despair, 

 wak yanhua ! wakianua ! I tvill be dead if I do! 

 watchag shlii'ki na'sh liklasli p;ila-ash the dog ate up the whole loaf; lit. 



"the flour lying there in one heap." 



II, CONVERSATIONAL FORM OF LANGUAGE. 



In every language two modes of speaking are easily distinguished from 

 each other. One of these is the style of conversation used in everyday in- 

 tercourse which, by its free unconventionality, differs from the more elabo- 

 rate forms heard in oratory and poetry and in historic or other narratives. 

 While the latter employs rounded up, unabbreviated, and carefully worded 

 grammatic forms and sentences, and has a more extended vocabulary at its 

 disposal, the popular or conversational mode of expression shows a tendency 

 toward brevity, truncation of words, contractions and ellipses of sounds and 

 words, indistinct utterance of sounds and incomplete phraseology. When 

 opportunity is offered for literary development, it is the former that will 

 develop into a literary language, whereas the latter may degenerate into a 

 jargon full of slang and cant terms, or, when used as means of interna- 

 tional intercourse, lose its grammatic affixes, as we see it done in the trade 

 jargons spoken in several parts of the world. 



Of the differences existing between the two st3'les in the Klamath lan- 

 guage only a few examples can be given within the narrow limits allotted, 



