678 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



and tliese I have classified under the headings of Plionology, Morphologj'', 

 and Syntax. 



PHONOLOGY. 



Of unusual sounds oecnrring- only in the conversational style of lan- 

 guage I have met three: (1) a thick I pronounced with the tongue-tip 

 applied to the middle palate, and resembling exactly the Polish 1 in (Uony ; 

 I heard it in such terms as t;i[)lal loon. (2) a real /-sound was heard in 

 k(')fka to hite for k('i})ka, pii'f daughter for ])a'-ip ; however, I consider it safer 

 to spell these terms: kov'hka, pii'v'h, for v is known to be a sound of the 

 language, while ,/' is not. (."'>) the palatalized 1 (or 1) I have met in one 

 Modoc word only: ka'la to enter a lodge, which is related to gu'hli, gulf to 

 enter, go into. Here the unusual '1 sound, so common in the languages of 

 the Willamet Valley and on Columbia River (where / occurs also) prob- 

 ably originated from ///. 



Some vowels show frequent interchangeability among themselves ; e 

 and e are rather frequently replacing i and T : e, e for i, i thou, e'ki for ike 

 tJiou here; ;(ellitk foreihle for killitk ; ne'l far for ni'l ; Ni'laks, nom. pr. for 

 Ni'lakshi ; me thine for mi. In popular talk we also meet (^hua to he full for 

 ewa; awalues island, 74, 14, for awaluash ; kiiilu juniper for kii'lu, ka'lo ; 

 kai'ki, kayeke it is not for ka'gi, ke'gi ; hiapat^oksh stocking for yapat^oksh; 

 Mod. liipj'itpjoksh. Preference is frequently given to the deep vowels o and 

 a over a, whether the vowel be long or short, as in makloks 2>cople for mak- 

 laks, ydpontk dug for yt'pantko, 87, 8, ishkopeli to tahe out again for ishka- 

 peli, kt6pka to sla2) for ktupka, notodsha fa hurl for nuto'dsha, ndsaskop'l to 

 wipe off again for ndshdshkapeli, st6ka to stab, gig for stuka, sut'tchuopk for 

 shu^dshuapka, fut. of shuc'dsha to gamble, ta'pia younger for tapia, 114, 2. 

 In distributive reduplication, short o and u occasionally appear instead of 

 short a in the second or reduplicated syllable. In many of these instances 

 the removal of the accent had something to do with the vocalic interchange. 

 To use pti'p, pe'p instead of pc-ip daughter is considered a vulgarism, and 

 might cause confusion with pe'p pine-marten, sable. 



Among the consonants, s, ts, are more frequently heard in conversation 

 than sh and fs, whether initial, medial, or final, and Dave Hill's text-pieces 



