COLLOQUIAL FORMS. 679 



will give full evidence of this. The simple sounds are also more original 

 than the assibilated sh, tcJi, and belong to an earlier status of the language. 

 Both sometimes appear in the same word, as in seshash name, su'ldshas and 

 shuldshas soldier. The use of ts, tch instead of s, sh is not unfrequent, 

 especially in Modoc, but is considered faulty ; of tsuina for sluu'na to sing, 

 90, 12; but pA watch tongue, in Molale apa-us, is regarded as more correct 

 than pfiwash. 



Conversational speech likes gemination of such consonants as can be 

 doubled : genalla (k'nalla), ndanni, sassaga, tchimmA-ash, etc., and also 

 shows tendency toward nasalizing such terminals in substantives as -t, -tka, 

 -tki into -nt, -ntka, -ntki, -ntk. Instead of -tka, the suffix of the instru- 

 mental case, we often hear -tko, -tku, -tki, -tk. Tsli'pa shoulder is a vulgar- 

 ism for tsnipal, tchnipal. 



MORPHOLOGY. 



In the second or morphologic part of grammar the difference between 

 conversational and oratorical style is chiefly brought about b}^ the tendency 

 of saving exertion in speaking. Owing to hurried speaking and the retro- 

 ceding of the accent consequent upon it,- numerous contractions and apo- 

 coioes occur, not of one sound or syllable only, but even of two syllables, 

 so that certain words become unrecognizable. Aphaeresis is of rare occur- 

 rence, except in words like 'miitcha old man for kemiitcha, this from kemu- 

 tchi'itko, "grown old." 



Contractions by ellipsis, ekthlipsis, synizesis, and other losses fi-om the 

 middle of the word are not more frequent than in the oratorical style, and 

 are observed in sulpsoks for shulapshkish forearm, elbow ; lulpatko for liilp- 

 a\\ko provided ivith eyes; tatamnish for tatamnuish traveler. 



Apocope is observed in the ending -a replacing the longer -atko : paha 

 dried for pahatko ; shesha named for sh^shatko, 189 ; 3 ; cf page 408 ; in the 

 loss of -tki of the verbal intentional as in luela giug for luelatki or lucltki 

 gii'iga, etc.; cf page 41 7, 450 ; in the loss of the verbal endings -a and -na, 

 as in atsik for atchfga to twist, sahamui for shahamuya, nik'kang nep to 

 beckon for nik'kanka nep, yt-kii-u for j-ekewa to break, smash, t;(alam between 

 for t;jalamna, klamtchtam for kelamtchtamna to nirtafe. Under the influence 



