DIALECTIC DIFFERENCES. 683 



PHONOLOGIC DIFFERENCES. 



In regard to the vocalism of the two dialects, the Modoc sometimes 

 uses the diphthong ai where Khimath Lake has e, e : k6kai (and koke) 

 river, creek, Klamath L. koke, koka; kailpoks heat, hot, Klamath L. ke'lpoks, 

 kelpoksh ; shnailigsh eyebrow, Klamath L. shnekelish. 



Klamath wa-, tvo-, is in a few terms replaced in Modoc by «-: I'lk for 

 Wiik how; ukash for w6kash j^ond-Wy seed. 



Of more importance is the substitution of short and long a of Klamath 

 Lake by short and long e, also by a, in Modoc. This is observed almost 

 exclusively in accented syllables, and even then in a few instances only; 

 these vowels always stand between two consonants. This singular fact 

 cannot be explained by a supposed insertion of i after the a of Klamath 

 Lake because the e resulting from a contraction of ai would in most in- 

 stances remain long, whicli is not the case. Examples : 



ga-ash, Mod. g(;ash thus, so. 



yana, Mod. yana and yena downward, downhill 



nd-asht, na-ash. Mod. n(iasht thtis, so, in this manner. 



nashki, Mod. neshki to butcher, flay ; nashkotkish, etc. 



padshit, Mod. pa'dshit in the morniny. 



palak. Mod jDelak fast, quickly. 



shalakla, Mod. shelakla to cut, slash oneself. 



shatma, Mod. shetma to call to oneself. 



shnapempema, Mod. shnept'mpema to fool somebody. 



uliiplpa, Mod. nk'plpa to flicker about. 



weweshaltko. Mod. wewesheltko having offspring. 



But there are also instances on hand where the reverse takes place, 

 Modoc showing a where Klamath Lake has e : 



nititkla, mil'tkla. Mod. matkla to carry on back, shoulder. 



ne'o', dinnn. nekag', Mod. wTiix, nakajj- that absent one. 



wt^ktasli, Mod. waktash j^laif of females; the verb being wekta in botli 

 dialects. 



The term for brown varies in both dialects : ka-uka-uli, kii-ukii'-uli, ke- 

 uke-uli, kevkevli. 



