DIALECTIC! DIFFERENCES. 685 



sliitclipalui to tattoo; Kl. shitchpalua ; shuatawi to stretch oneself ; Kl. shu- 

 atilwa. Other Modoc verbs have -a as well as -i: tchlah'ila and tchlalali to 

 roast upon the coals. To designate an act almost completed, -hiiya, -uya is 

 more frequent in Modoc than -ksliska, -kska, which is preferred by the 

 Klamath Lake dialect. For inchoative or inceptive verbs -ega, -iega is 

 preferred by Klamath Lake, -tanipka Ijy Modocs, thougli both suffixes oc- 

 cur extensively in either dialect. Cf List of Suffixes. For hishuaks hus- 

 ha/nd, man, Modoc has in the subjective case: hishuakshash; for snawedsh 

 wife, ivoman: snawcdshash, and from these terms the verbs for to marnj are 

 also shaped differently. Transposition of sounds takes place in some sub- 

 stantives ending in -ksh; thus Klamath waltoks, waltaksh discourse, talk, 

 speech, appears in Modoc as waltkash ; others are enumerated page 349. 



As to inflectional suffixation, the most important discrepancy exists in 

 the formation of the present participle, where Modoc has -n (-an) and Kla- 

 math Lake the compound ending -iik (-ank); a fact discussed repeatedly in 

 the previous pages. The inflection of the noun is effected by the same 

 case-suffixes and case-postpositions in both dialects, except that in the em- 

 phatic adessive case the compound -kshi gi'shi of Modoc is condensed into 

 -ksaksi, -kshakshi, -ksiksi and -ksu'ksi in Klamath Lake. 



Of the impersonal objective verbs many differ in regard to their struct- 

 ure in both dialects, as shown pages 429. 430. From this it would appear 

 that Modoc usually prefers to place the person in the subjective case when 

 expressed either by a pronoun or a noun. 



Tlie following peculiarities are of a morphologic as well as of a syn- 

 tactic character, and therefore may be appended here : 



The future tense, composed with the particle tak, is preferred by Modoc 

 in the incident and in many principal clauses to tlie future in -uapka. In 

 the Klamath Lake Texts the future in tak occurs nowhere except in 70, 2. 

 The particles pen, pan, and iln are much more frequent in the southern than 

 in the northern dialect; this may be said of pen especially in its function 

 of connecting the small numerals with the decades. 



In interrogative and other sentences the particle lisli is largely used in 

 Modoc, and placed after the interrogative or initial particle. The northern 

 dialect employs that particle rather sparingly. 



