700 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



"to stick lip oil one side of one's liead or body;" p'lafwasham (lasli) sln'it'- 

 tantko "wearing an eagle's feather stuck up obliquely." But Avlieii many 

 feathers or long objects "are stuck up obliquely on oneself," this is e.\- 

 pressed by haslikatchka : liish haslikatchtantko nu'sh "many featlier.s fast- 

 ened on one's head." Shutewaltko "fixed or fastened upon the head" may 

 refer to objects of various form, not to long articles oul}'. But when 

 "I fasten a feather uj)oii my forehead," this is m\ shateli'ka lash; upon 

 "another's forehead," hashtelika ; hashteliki'itko L'ish may refer to more 

 than one feather also, and describe it as ".standing erect" or as "leaning 

 back acro.ss the top of the head." 



Noise and to make noise is a fruitful field for word-formation in all lan- 

 guages, and onomatopa'ia often plays a large part in it. The large num- 

 ber of expressions compels us to separate the noises made by man and 

 animals from those made by the elementary forces of nature. Among the 

 former, hii'ma is generic for all the roaring, crying, whooping, and chirping 

 produced by animals ; also for the shouts and cries uttered by man to call 

 other people's attention. To shout at festivals, dances, is yc'ka, "to howl, 

 ciT, or sing in chorus ;" hence probably yaukela " to perform a puberty- 

 dance." Ya-uya or yauytiwa refei's more particularly to a noise made 

 with a rattle,* and noise in general is k(')-i tumenash "disagreeable to hear." 

 "To behave in a boisterous, loud manner," is lulula, waltka, and tchilu- 

 yi^a. "To crack with the teeth" is pukpuka. Other noises ascribed to 

 human beings are expressed by the verbs lika and tchi'lga ; the noisy re- 

 joicings heard of children when they see their parents coming is shitiaika. 

 Ya-a, yea is "to scream" or "howl aloud," and wawi'i-a "to whine." The 

 noises made by the elemental powers are just as multiform in their lexical 

 rendering as they are with us. "To explode" is mbawa; "to cause an 

 explosion by a stroke of the hand," shnambua. The noise made by the 

 surf or by waterfalls is tiwish, from tiwi "to rush with force;" the roaring 

 of a landslide or falling rocks liuna, of other elementary noises shtchayA- 

 shla, of the wind yewa, the cracking of plants, rotten wood, etc., walta, the 

 rustling, crackling of hay, straw, dry bulrushes, etc, ki'ishkusha. "To 

 beat a drum" is udintena; "to ring," when said of a little bell, liui^a, v. 



'To ralUe when said of the rattlesnake is slniatcliiiltehiia, its rattle: sliW-iinuj;sli. 



