ROOTS AND DERIVATIVES. 703 



very instructive in regard to its prefix-elements. In its signification and 

 derivatives it closely approaches i'wa, but must be distinguished from it, as 

 i'vva refers more specially to something being inside. Ewa forms d-ush, 

 a'-ush lake, sheet of -water, with its diminutive ewaga little lake, and a large 

 number of verbs, some of A\hich assume transitive functions, as t'wa does 

 itself when it signifies to impty upon. As an impersonal verb it means to he 

 satiated with; hence e-una to fill oneself tvith food, ewisi to digest, e-unola to 

 defecate. From ewa descends quite a family of terms distinct by their pre- 

 fixes, as the verbs yewa, kshewa, k'wa, n^wa, j^twa, ste'wa, shuewa, tchewa. 

 Yewa to burrow really means the filling of the den with winter provisions 

 b}' the rodents which excavate the dens, ye-ush, the prefix i-, y- pointing 

 to a multitude of long objects. Kshewa to jntt upon or jjZrtce inside refers to 

 one long or animate object only; cf Dictionary, page 147. Of Idwa, which 

 differs somewhat from h'wa, q. v., the original signification is to he in the 

 midst of a circle, or to he ivithin something round; then to form a cluster, to 

 be or exist together in the shape of bunches, clusters, grapes, the prefix 1- 

 being indicative of round shape. Thus le-usham, d. lele-usham flower de- 

 scribes "what is in a cluster;" pushpushli liwayaks is the pupil of the eye. 

 N^wa to form a sheet is said of large uater-sheets, prairies, and level lands; 

 hence ne-ush tilled ground, ne'-utko field, nd-upka to run into a lake, said of 

 rivers ; kndwa to let the fish-line float on the water over day or night, the 

 oblique direction of the pole or line being indicated by the prefix k-. Kn(i- 

 udshi is the object causing the line to float; this being made of light bark, 

 the term finally came to mean hark. P^wa to he in the water refers to ani- 

 mate beings, and passes into the signification of bathing or swimming and 

 washing oneself in cold water, jJcwash hathing place ; stewa is to mix a sub- 

 stance ivith a liquid, and may be used in reference to kneading dough. 

 Shuewa is a medial verb coming nearest in signification to knewa to fish 

 tvith the line, to angle ; its derivatives being shud-ush, shu^-udsha, shue-utka. 

 Tchewa means to float, as aquatic birds ; when said of men it refers to a 

 plurality of them, and belongs to gc^wa to go into the ivater ; cf page 431). 

 Tchiwa to form a hodg of water is identical in meaning with ewa (I) and (2) 

 in Dictionary, and forms tchi'wish standing water, pool, or spring, tcliiwf;j;i 

 to put a liquid into a vase so as not to fill it, and tchi'pka to'he full of or to 

 contain ivater or some other liquid, it being a contraction of tchiwipka. 



