704 GRAMINIAK OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



Idsiia, I'tsa to rani/, tninsport, to viukc t/o, to remove, iijjpears as a verb 

 assuming various ])refixes, but also figures as a suffix or rather as a part of 

 suffix in others. Originally it referred, and still does so in many instances, 

 to a plurality of long-shaped objects, especially people, and ktchi'dsha to 

 rrairl, creep along the ground, stands for kshidslia, and in fact represents the 

 singular form of the verb. Kdsha means to suck, extract by sucking, but 

 refers to blood, water, and milk (cdshash) only, while hantchna has reference 

 to other objects. Thus fdsha forms transitive as well as intransitive verbs, 

 one verb being often used in both senses. Thus pftclia is to become extinct 

 (lire), but its medial form spitcha is used for to extinguish, ind out, to drag 

 behind or to pull after oneself, liesides the intransitive to go out. Kidsha is 

 to crawl, creep, and to swim under the water's surface, to dive, originally "to 

 make go sideways;" hence kidshash^M and kudsha dorsal hack Jin and gud- 

 geon. More distantly derived from kidsha are ki'ntchna to walk, march, move 

 in a file, skintchna to crawl, creep, for which Modoc has s^idsha, and ki-insh, 

 ki'nsh xvasp. Mcdsha to migrate, to travel refers especially to the prairie, lit. 

 "to remove in a curvilinear direction," hence the medial form shemashla to 

 migrate with one's family, and the derivative kima'dsh ant, lit. "the one mov- 

 ing obliquely." Another derivative, shni'dsha, also pronounced tchni'dsha, 

 means "to go forward in a straightout direction." The original function of 

 idsha to carry, transport has become reflective in the verb mc^dsha, but re- 

 appears in midsho spoon, "what serves for carrying (to the mouth)." 



Ika to take out, remove from, is another prolific derivative of the radix 

 i-, and like idsha, ila, ita has formed a good number of derivatives by pre- 

 fixation. Thus we have e-ika, ei%a to put the head out, ktchika to crawl off, 

 viz. "to take oneself out oblicjuely," nik'ka, nika to put the arm or arms out, 

 spii'ka to lie spread out on the ground, spi'ka to draw, pull out, sjiikanash 

 needle, spiika to put the feet out and to lie down, shi'ika to drive Mt of, if this 

 is not the medial form of huka to run at; finally tchika to leak. The verbs 

 and nouns formed by suffixation from ika are all arranged in alphabetic 

 order in the Dictionary; they are ikaga, ikayula, ikaks, ikampeli and I'kna, 

 yfkashla, ikla and I'klash, I'kta, iktcha, ikuga and ikuakpeli with kshc'kuga 

 Kako, k.\ku bone is a term which reappears witli a, nasalized initial in 

 ngak, nkak fop of the head, skull top, which joined to gi to j^^'oduce, to make. 



