ROOTS AND DERIVATIVES. 705 



to do forms the verb nka'kgi, n%;ikgi to give hirtli. In searching after the 

 origin of this term, the fact suggests itself that in dehverj^ tlie top of the 

 infant's liead usually appears first; but we may attach to it perhaps a 

 widely different interpretation: to produce hones, kak' gi, in view of the be- 

 lief current among several tribes that life really resides in the bones, and 

 not in the flesh, nerves, or blood ; or that man has two souls, one of wliich 

 remains after death in his body. In the Tonkawe language of Texas to 

 he horn is ni'kaman yekewa "to become bones."* In fact, after decease the 

 skeleton frame of a person outlasts all other parts of the body, and should 

 the soul remain in it this is reason enough to explain the ixniversal dread 

 about the revenge of the one buried. This is one of the great causes ac- 

 counting for the reluctance of many Indians to refer to anything recalling 

 the memory of the deceased. Kako is formed by reduplication of tlie radix 

 ka, ko, ku which we find in many verbs of hiting : koka to hite, ko-uyua 

 (plur. of obj.), ko-itchatchta, k6kanka, shk6ks, shukoka, kmltchala (Diction- 

 ary, pages 514. 515), and a few others not in the Dictionary, as kowakii'- 

 kala to eat holes into, to gnaw to pieces, to spoil hy gnawing ; kuakikakiamna 

 to go around an object ivliUe eating of it. The radix is not reduplicated in 

 kata to gnaw, ka'dsho chin, kuatcha to hite off small pieces, kuatchaka to hite 

 into, kua'ka to hite or tear off from, kwii'ldsha to erode, kwu'shka to hite off, 

 ki'qika to hite or eat repeatedly, k(;-ish rattlesnake. The jaw is our organ for 

 biting, and is called kako just like the hone. 



Lama to he dizzy, giddy, drunk, hetvildered, and to curse contains a radix 

 lam-, tlie primitive signification of which is that of turning in a cii'cle, re- 

 volving, reeling. This will appear from the following derivatives : lematch 

 (for lamo'tkish) the Indian mealing stone or Mexican metate (Aztec: metlatl), 

 upon which the shilaklgish or rnhhing-sfonc, flat below, is moved in circular 

 lines for grinding seeds and grains. The term for thunder, leme'-ish, shows 

 that this phenomenon of nature was likened to the circular motion of roll- 

 ing rocks or something heavy, for I'me^na, lem^na it thunders is from lamena. 

 Lemewil^a means to he moved offhy circular motion, as logs in a river. Lem- 

 lema, the iterative reduplication of lama, is to he dizzy, to reel, lamlemsh, 

 with vocalic dissimilation, dizziness, giddiness, but lam spirituotis liquor is 



*Cf. Journal of American Folk-Lore, Vol. I, 237 eq. and II, 68 (Cambridge, Mass., 1888. 1889). 

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