TOG GUAMMAli OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



derived from rum through tlie Chinodk jargon. Shh'imia is to feel hewildered, 

 deeply aggrieved by the loss of a relative or friend ; hence also to mourn some- 

 body's death. Cf. leme'sham and lenu'walieksh in the Dictionary. 



Ni'ta to hum, to hlazc up, v. intr. and inqiers., can turn into a transitive 

 verb to destroy hy fire. Its numerous derivatives are remarkable by the 

 vocalic changes which the radix nu- is iindergoing in them. The vowel u- 

 is preserved in the noun nut and its diminutive niitak, the small seed of the 

 glycerium-^rass, which explodes when heated ; also in niiyua and nutkolua 

 to shine from a distance. The causative form of the latter verb is shnatkolua- 

 Ni'ika or n(')ka to roast, cook, and to become ripe, forms nuk('ila to shrink hy 

 heat, shnu'^a to parch, nokla to roast or hoil on the hot coals ; n^uta and 

 n^utagia (for nokuta etc.), to hum at the bottom, of a cooking vessel ; by a 

 vocalic change we get shnikanua to allow time for ripening and its iterative 

 shnikanuanka, which is also applied to tishing, not to fruits or seeds only. 

 Other derivatives of shnu'/a are shnitchi^a to fry and shnitchkua, v. trans., 

 to hroil, to fry, to dry such substances as niei't, etc. The medial form of 

 nuta: shniita, is transitive only: to hum, to build a fire, and to parch, and 

 from it are derived shniiya, abbr. shnui, v. intr., to 1)um, to shine; also when 

 noun : polar light ; shnuitampka to keep burning, shnuish a peculiar smoke or 

 fog appearing at times in the northwest and ascribed by the natives to deities; 

 shnutchoka to burn or singe to death, a verb compounded of the two stems 

 nu- and tchok- in tchoka to die ; shnuikia to build afire next to something, as 

 a wall, hole, tree. The vowel a appears in other derivatives of the same 

 radix, as in natchaka v. intr. to melt hy heat and it's causative shnatchaka, v. 

 trans., to melt, dissolve by fire-heat, as wax; natspka to he consumed hy fire; 

 natkalga to hlaze up and its causative shnatkalga to kindle up, set on fire. 

 Nii"hlua, nelua to be burnt on the skin or surface as by the sun, fire, begins 

 a series of derivatives showing the vowel e. From it we have the causative 

 shntilua to stain, color, dye and the noun shnt'luash dye-stuff, coloring matter. 

 Shnc^ka is intransitive and means (1) to he lit up, to shine, (2) to burn one- 

 self, and (3) to hum througli ; hence shnekupka to shine from above or from a 

 distance. Nelka, nc'l^a to he burnt up is proba1)ly identical with nl'lka it is 

 dawning, but both are now pronounced with different vowels ; nelka gave 

 origin to shnel;{a (for shnc'-il;(a) to set on fire, to burn down, whence shne- 



