710 GRAMMAR OF THE KLAMATH LANGUAGE. 



maizestaJlc the Modoc dialect has kdp, not tki'jp ; cf. kapala, k/ipaltcha to he 

 about f/atherhig stalks, reeds, etc. In Klamath Lake kapka, a species of low 

 pine, I'inus conforfa, stands for tk{i})ag'a, tki'ipka, and has a diminutive kap- 

 kiiga young hipka-pine ; for kapka Modoc prefers ku'ga, diminutive of ko'sli, 

 ku'sh 2)inc. The radix found in kapata to reach up to, gaptcha to hide or go 

 behind is ka-, related to gena to go and not to kap. 



T'shi'n or tgshi'n, d. t'shi't'shan and ti't'shan to grow applies to men and 

 animals only, kedsha to plants. Though intransitive, this verb is a parallel 

 to tchi'ya to give to somebody a liquid, as water, milk; t'shin therefore means 

 to be brought up with milk, water, etc., in the earliest stage of life. Cf 

 Tpecpeiv to feed on milk, to feed, to curdle. P>om that verb comes t'shishap 

 Kl father, like rpocpo? nurse from rpiq)£iv; the Modoc form p'ti'shaj) n'calls 

 the distributive form ti't'shan of t'shin. The ciicumstance that tlie father or 

 progenitor is only called the "feeder," "nourisher," throws an interesting 

 light upon the primitive conditions once existing among these western In- 

 dians ; besides this, p'gfshap mother really means "the maker." From t'shi'n 

 are further derived : (1) t'shika to grow old, to be old, and as a noun : old man. 

 Its diminutive t'shika-aga is short old man and parent. (2): ndshilo, dim. 

 ndshiluaga yema/e animal, lit. "the suckler, feeder." (3): hishtatcha, the 

 causative form of t'shi'n, to bring up, raise, said of children and the young 

 brood of animals. 



Wekta to plait. A series of words begiitning with w- possesses in com- 

 mon the signification of twisting, plaiting, but varies considerably in regard 

 to the vowel following the initial sound, thus forming thematic I'oots like 

 wa-, we-, wi- ; the real radix is apparently u-, which as a component of 

 diphthongs turns into w-. We also find that, e. g., wapalash dead tree is a 

 transformation of uptllash, wash61al;ja for huhashulalpja, watakia for utiikia. 

 From the form wa- the radix n- forms terms like wapil'ma to tie, twist, or 

 icind around, waptash ivater running through ponds and small lakes ivith 

 visible motion resembling a twisting, waptasha-iga rope twisted out of grass, 

 stalks, etc., wakog.sh bucket, called so because of the hoops winding around 

 it, wiikshna moccasin, viz., garment tied around the feet. The diphtliong 

 we- stands as initial in wekta to plait, whence wektash (Kl.) plait of females, 

 for which Modoc has wakta.sh, a form less original than wc'ktasli ; wepla to 



